Alcohol Essay 10 - 2590 Words

Alcohol is a drug that is classified as a central nervous system depressant. There are three forms of alcohol, beer, wine and distilled spirits. Alcohol is one of the most commonly used drugs in the United States and has more adverse effects that most other drugs combined. There are many aspects to consider when thinking about alcohol as a drug. There are many myths surrounding alcohol, including who uses it, what its effects are on users, social and sexual situations and the amounts people drink. The vast majority of the American population uses alcohol and in many various ways and this also causes different effects. Alcohol is also has a great causation in crimes committed by users, social, medical, and educational problems as a†¦show more content†¦Because these people used alcohol they automatically put themselves at a higher risk, than non-drinkers, for alcohol-related injuries, problems with the law and many different negative health effects, including liver dysf unction, (MU Health, 2004). Users of alcohol also put others around them at a higher risk for negative consequences including disruption of events and studying, (Statistics on Alcohol, 2000). Although all types of drinking can have adverse effects, there are different levels of use that result in different effects. Moderate drinking is defined as drinking that generally does not cause problems in the drinker or society, typically one drink per day. This low level of alcohol consumption has been shown in studies to, reduce stress, decrease tension and anxiety, (NIAAA, 2000). Social drinking generally does not cause problems with the individual as long as the amount consumed does not increase over time, but this level of drinking has not been known to have any positive effects. Binge drinking is classified as having five or more drinks in one sitting. This is the level of use that college students engage in on the weekends. Some social effects that have been noted by students are the increased ability to break the ice in conversation, allowing people to have more fun, and facilitating sexual opportunities, (Statistics on Alcohol, 2000). However the Core Institute sur vey showed that of the students who had engaged in binge drinking at leastShow MoreRelatedImpact Of The Public Sector On National Welfare Services1140 Words   |  5 Pagesto the different in policy processes and areas. 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According to the National Institute of Mental health in manyRead MoreDangers and Need for Preventing Drunk Driving862 Words   |  3 Pagesreasons of the accident. One of the most happened reason that cause the traffic crash is the consumption of alcohol drink (Green, 2013). Drinking habit make the driver lost their concentration and affect their skills to drive and may increase the risk of crash. Some safety equipment have been offered such as seat belt and air bag to reduce the impact that the driver get during the a ccident This essay focuses on drunk driving issues, where the driver doesn’t have a responsibility while driving their vehicleRead More Club Owners Must Not Allow Underage Drinking969 Words   |  4 Pagesinto nightclubs serving alcohol. Throughout the course of this essay, I intend to prove that banning those under the legal drinking age from nightclubs serving alcohol not only benefits the community as a whole, but it helps each under age drinker as well. It is often argued that young adults eighteen to twenty are financial savors to club owners. Patron’s eighteen to twenty are considered adults; therefore they are responsible enough to be allowed in clubs serving alcohol, bringing more money into

Emerging Technology in Business for Review of the Literature

Question: Discuss about theEmerging Technology in Business for Review of the Literature. Answer: Business background Tesla is on the verge of manufacturing fully autonomous cars that do not require human intervention at all. However, the self-driving car that has been launched by Tesla recently contains various threats and vulnerabilities. The positive impact of the self-driving cars has been discussed throughout the report. The potential benefits will attract any customers to purchase and drive. However, there are numerous glitches that are involved with the self-driving. Lambert (2016) has highlighted that the hackers malicious attack can disrupt the system of the autonomous cars. The algorithms and the artificial intelligence technology incorporated within the system are not strong and efficient enough thus contains multiple flaws. The researchers are conducting researches to make the car fully autonomous, the autonomous car manufacturers alongside Tesla are continuously making efforts to innovate the existing autopilot cars. Digital disruption analysis The potential impact of the self-driving cars has been discussed in the report. The cars have lots of benefits to offer, the cars drive cautiously, the cars always follow the traffic rules and regulations, the driver will not have to drive himself. Besides the benefits, there are disruptions associated with the self-driving cars. According to Dikmen and Burns (2016), the self-driving cars have multiple flaws that have addressed in the report. The rise of the self-driving cars can prove to be a serious threat to the taxi industry. However, there are multiple flaws associated with the self-driving cars and those flaws have been well highlighted in the report. Lin (2016) has stated that the self-driving cars still are in development mode and they require mass improvement. That is why the taxi industry can be assured that they are still safe. The main flaws are that the autonomous cars cannot detect the roadblocks; even the cars cannot detect any traffic polices wavering of hands. The ma lware attack can make the system of the car vulnerable. Sometimes the cars can even malfunction due to software or any hardware glitches. Thus the cars cannot replace the personal driver. Even the cars require human intervention all the time; someone needs to be there behind the wheel to drive the car. Rogerson (2017) showcases that the advent of the electric cars and the self-driving cars are imposing pressure on the automobile industry who manufactures cars that run on petrol and oil. The electric cars or e-vehicle will surely be going to replace the cars that run on oil. The report has analysed the disruption caused by the self-driving cars. Researchers are conducting researches to innovate the autonomous cars so that they can be fully autonomous and will not require human intervention at all. Implication The implications for the taxi industry with respect to self-driving cars The self-driving cars are responsible for driving cars automatically. Though the cars are autonomous, still the drivers need to be aware of the technical aspects of the cars. The drivers still need to know how to drive a car. The high tech self-driving car may falter and in that case, the driver of the car will have to take control of the car and he will have to drive himself. That means the driver must have the desired driving knowledge. The cost of these high tech cars is too high for the citizens, not all people can afford to buy those expensive cars. As per Rakovic (2016), the taxi industry can be assured that the citizens will still use their service. The citizens have fear of accidents so they still prefer the taxi. The security concerns are there in case of the high tech cars. The hackers can hack the system of the high tech cars and can make the cars vulnerable to attack. Any hackers can hack and use the cars for their benefits. Thus the citizens are cautious about the securi ty breach thus prefers the taxi industry. The self-driving cars are not capable of fully eliminating the chance of car accident issues and so the citizens are preferring the taxi to self-driving cars. The self-driving cars are not capable to fully operate at all weather conditions; the normal taxi will very easily root out the self-driving cars. Also, in case of traffic signal failures, the self-driving cars are not capable to interpret the human signals. The self-driving cars cannot detect the wavering of hands. These cars are not efficient to detect the roadblocks. Hull (2016) has stated that the GPS device incorporated into the car can even give false directions that can lead to accidents. Thus all these factors are major drawbacks of self-driving cars which ensure that the taxi drivers and their industry are still safe. The self-driving cars are under development and have lots of flaws, thus the taxi drivers can carry on their business venture. Legally, the self-driving cars of today are not proficient enough to replace the taxi industry; however, it is hoped in mere future these cars will up with some innovative aspects. Can this technology replace personal driver? The tech giants, Mercedes-Benz and BMW are all working on to manufacture fully autonomous cars. The cars manufactured by duo look promising and it is hoped that they will come up with more advanced cars in future. However, the autonomous cars that exist today have multiple flaws so the today's self-driving cars are capable to replace the personal driver. The full development of those cars is still under questionnaire, the cars can malfunction. Fridman, Jenik and Reimer (2017) showcase that the drivers still need to have knowledge of driving for safety purpose in case if the autonomous cars malfunction. Also, the security breaches can lead to malfunction of the car, the autonomous cars are not proficient to detect the roadblocks, and also it is not proficient to detect the wavering of hands. Thus there are multiple opportunities which can lead to car accidents. Again, the cars as mentioned are not efficient to drive in adverse weather conditions, in heavy rain. The GPS system, the acc urate mapping system can be wrong, thus the cars can be misled to drive in the wrong direction and this can lead to accidents. Therefore, there are flaws residing which can ensure that these autonomous cars are not capable to replace the personal cars. The self-driving cars of today are not efficient enough to drive itself that is why in terms of security they cannot replace the personal drivers, however, it is hoped in coming future these cars will up with some advanced features. The new technology convincing people to use the technology in terms of safety The new technology cars have the benefits that can ensure the safety of the people. The humans have not the capability to anticipate the situations located miles away, while the self-driving car has. The cars have the capability to anticipate the situations miles away, to anticipate the cars miles away. According to Raj et al. (2017), the car drivers use smartphones while driving. They call and listen to music while driving and this lead to car accidents. The drivers generally forget to tie up the seat belts, they also engage in rash driving as well. The drivers even do not follow the rules and regulations. The drivers even drive exceeding the speed limit. The cell phone usage and texting is also the area of concern for security. The self-driving cars do not exceed the speed limit at any cost; the cars even follow each and every traffic rules and regulations. These cars always drive cautiously. The cars are programmed in such a way such that they can avoid collision with each other. These autonomous cars generally drive in a cautious manner avoids collisions and accidents. The drivers use smartphones while driving and thus cause accidents. The self-driving cars have no chance at all. Also, the drivers sometimes drink and drive, then there is no chance of drink and drive in case of self-driving cars. Sometimes the drivers suffer from depression and emotional stress and this leads to all kinds of accidents. Hull (2016) explains that the self-driving cars work on specific algorithms and programs thus the self-driving cars drive on the basis of technology. Thus the self-driving cars and its associated technology can bring safety and to the people. Electric cars and their impact on petrol and oil The giant oil companies greatly underestimated the influence of the electric cars and favour the oil-based cars. However, according to the latest trends, it can be found that the auto industry will affect the petrol and oil in both short-term and the long-term basis. Ingle and Phute (2016) highlight that the growth of the electric cars is more likely to lessen the growth of the oil demand, the popularity of the EVs will certainly sabotage the usage of oil in the coming decades. A fraction of cars sold in the market today is run on batteries rather than petrol and oil. However, the analysts have predicted that this trend will change in future with the coming of EV models in the market. OPEC also showed it concern; they claimed that the rise of electric vehicles could diminish the oil and petrol demands in various parts of Asian countries. Nelson (2015) has stated that Tesla EV cars have decided to manufacture EV cars that will replace the cars run on oil and petrol. The batteries are expensive right now; research is going to lower down the price of the batteries. Thus the technology-driven cars have lots to offer. Besides, the cars are environment-friendly, the electric cars have the potential to diminish the air pollution that is why they are capable of reducing the greenhouse gas emissions. Thus it is ethical to use these cars and they should replace the oil and petrol based cars. Preparing the staff in terms of transition between outmoded industries of coal and oil to more sustainable endeavours The organisations must prepare their staff for the revolutionary change; the electric cars are going to take away the market of the vehicles currently running on petrol and oil. Therefore, the organisation managers and the CEO must be aware of the fleet management. According to Laugier (2016), the EVs demands are increasing every day. The manufacturers are more focused on manufacturing e-vehicles and the customers are showing interests too. Ross (2016) showcases that the staffs must know the underlying infrastructure of the e-vehicles, should have skills in the e-vehicle services. Tesla must educate the staffs about their self-driving cars and the electric cars so that they can provide better services to the customers. The staff must be ready to accept the changes and must learn the requirements according to the company needs. The staff will have to demonstrate the benefits and detail specifications of the e-vehicle to the clients or the customers. The sales team must advertise the e -vehicles to increase the productivity and sales of the company. In this way everyone can know about the e-vehicles, everyone can be encouraged about the technology and innovation. Thus the e-vehicles are both socially and culturally acceptable and people should adopt them for good. Is it safe not to have a human behind the wheel? No it is completely unsafe to not include the drivers behind the wheel. The self-driving cars come with advanced sensor and they consist of advanced algorithms. Though they look promising, but they have multiple glitches which must be addressed. The driverless cars are prone to accidents, the system within can malfunction at any time. The hackers or the attackers can even attack the cars and the make the cars vulnerable. Goldstein (2016) highlights that the self-driving cars are not fully equipped for all weather conditions, in heavy rainy conditions the car can malfunction, thus it is required to include human behind the wheel. Again the cars do not have the capability to know any roadblocks; it also fails to interpret any signals on the road. The cars cannot detect wavering of hands. Thus the self-driving cars do not have the capability to detect the wavering of hands of the traffic police. The driver is required to manage those difficult situations. Also the roadblocks can lead to fatal accident; the drivers can understand the possible reasons and can act accordingly. Again, the GPS sensors can malfunction; in that case the GPS sensors can give false notifications and false interpretations. According to Brown (2017), the self-driving cars solely drive on the basis of locations provided by the GPS sensors. Thus if the GPS devices give false interpretations it may happen the self-driving cars can face fatal accidents. The human intervention is absolute necessity, in case the autonomous cars fail, the humans can take control of the car. The self-driving cars exist today are not fully capable to drive all alone safely and securely. There are areas which require improvement. The research is going on. Tesla is also researching to find some better alternative. However, the driver intervention is required till the cars become fully autonomous. Solon (2016) explains that the self-driving cars require mass improvement and the flaws discussed in the report must be miti gated. The self-driving cars are beneficial and if those flaws are mitigated then the cars can be used safely and securely and also human interaction will not be required any more. In this way, the security implications can be made with respect to self-driving cars. Conclusion It can be concluded from the above discourse that the self-driving cars can create huge impact on human lives. There are multiple benefits that the self-driving cars offer. These cars drive cautiously and with care, they always follow the traffic rules and regulations and signals. They are programmed in such a way they will avoid collision with each other while they will hit the road. The humans will not have to learn driving and will not have to take extra effort, the self-driving car will make things simple for them, the people can move to any places with the help of these cars. However, there are certain drawbacks which these cars have that must be taken into consideration. These cars can be hacked by hackers, these cars fail to interpret the roadblocks or traffic polices wavering of hands. The GPS sensors if malfunction these cars can face fatal accidents. That is why one should sit behind the wheels. The report has highlighted the benefits of e-vehicles. The social, cultural, le gal and security implications with respect to self-driving cars have been highlighted in this discourse. The autonomous cars are improving and it is hoped they will come up with innovative features and will not require any kind of human intervention at all. References Brown, M., 2017. Tesla Autopilots Latest Update Has Autonomous Parallel Parking| Inverse.Inverse. Burns, C.M., 2017. Automation and the Human Factors Race to Catch Up.Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making, p.1555343417724975. Dikmen, M. and Burns, C.M., 2016, October. Autonomous Driving in the Real World: Experiences with Tesla Autopilot and Summon. InProceedings of the 8th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications(pp. 225-228). ACM. Fridman, L., Jenik, B. and Reimer, B., 2017. Arguing Machines: Perception-Control System Redundancy and Edge Case Discovery in Real-World Autonomous Driving.arXiv preprint arXiv:1710.04459. Goldstein, D., 2016. Autonomous Vehicles Will Drive Themselves-But They Won't Regulate Themselves.Hastings Bus. LJ,13, p.241. Hull, D., 2016. Driver may have been saved by Tesla Autopilot, Musk says.Transport Topics. Ingle, S. and Phute, M., 2016. Tesla Autopilot: Semi Autonomous Driving, an Uptick for Future Autonomy. Lambert, F., 2016. A fatal Tesla Autopilot accident prompts an evaluation by NHTSA. electrek, 30 June. Laugier, C., 2016, July. Towards Fully Autonomous Driving? The Perception Decision-making bottleneck (Plenary Talk). InIEEE ARSO 2016(Vol. 2016). Lin, P., 2016. Tesla Autopilot crash: Why we should worry about a single death.IEEE Spectr. Nelson, G., 2015. Tesla beams down'autopilot'mode to Model S.Automotive News. Oct,14. Raj, S., Jha, S.K., Ramanathan, A. and Pullum, L.L., 2017, October. Work-in-progress: testing autonomous cyber-physical systems using fuzzing features from convolutional neural networks. InEmbedded Software (EMSOFT), 2017 International Conference on(pp. 1-2). IEEE. Rakovi?, S.V., 2016. Model Predictive Control: Classical, Robust, and Stochastic [Bookshelf].IEEE Control Systems,36(6), pp.102-105. Rogerson, S., 2017. Is professional practice at risk following the Volkswagen and Tesla motors revelations?.ORBIT Journal,1(1). Ross, P.E., 2016. Tesla Reveals Its Crowdsourced Autopilot Data.IEEE-Spectrum,26. Solon, O., 2016. Should Tesla bebeta testingautopilot if there is a chance someone might die?.The Guardian,6.

My Three Fav. Hobbies free essay sample

Most of my day consists of studies, doing house choirs and going to school. With all that, all my time Is usually taken up. It Is very hard to find time for myself. It can get very stressful with homework, traffic, and getting work completed on time. When I do get the chance to have some extra time, I have many other activities I enjoy doing. A few of my hobbies include, sleeping, going to the movies, and listening to music. First, I enjoy sleeping every chance I can get. When I am at school I try to make time during my breaks to get a few minutes of sleep.It helps me be alert and stay awake throughout the day. Also, any spare time that I might have I try to get some sleep, for example between classes, or between my travel and school. It rarely happens, but I take advantage of it when it does come along. We will write a custom essay sample on My Three Fav. Hobbies or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page My favorite time to sleep would be at night; everyones favorite time to sleep is at night I would guess. Getting a good night sleep is important to me. If I do not get a good night sleep, I can pretty much count myself as dead the next day. Second, going to the movies gives me something to do.When I am bored, It always mess Like a good Idea to just head out and go watch a movie. I do rarely have time In my schedule to get bored, but it does happen once In a blue moon. I enjoy going to the movies and it puts me in a better mood. To laugh, get scared, or even cry over something that does not have anything to do with my own personal life is a good feeling. For example, the movie Mirrors was an awesome movie about spirits being trapped in mirrors. I was scared during the movie, but I knew once it was over, that was not something I had to be scared of in real life.My friends sometimes like to get getter and make it a group thing to go out and all see a movie. Usually when this happens, we do not know what we are going to watch until we get there. Meaning this could come to waiting for hours for the movie to start and take the chance of watching a dual movie. Having your friends there always make it all worthwhile. Lastly, listening to music releases most of stress I get from my busy day. When I am at home doing my homework, I put music on to help me think. It clears my mind, and I have realized I work faster while listening to it.I have an MPH player with all of y favorite songs downloaded to it. Listening to it makes my day seem to zoom by. Also, I enjoy listening to the talk shows in the morning where the radio hosts do funny pranks on people who call in. It makes me laugh and awakens me in the morning. My absolute favorite time to listen to music would be when traffic. When I am sitting there not moving, all I have to do is turn up the radio and tune out of all the traffic. In my mind, it makes it seem as if traffic was going quicker. Unfortunately I lost it, by now Im planning to buy one, because I think I cant live without itSleeping, going to the movies, and listening to music are the three main hobbles I enjoy the most In my spare time. I hope there will be time to do all the things that make me the happiest In life. Then, I will be able to sleep all I need to. I will be able to go to the movies, not Just out of boredom. I will listen to music more than Just at home or while stuck in traffic. My Three FAA. Hobbies By Jeep all that, all my time is usually taken up. It is very hard to find time for myself. It can Second, going to the movies gives me something to do.When I am bored, it always seems like a good idea to Just head out and go watch a movie. I do rarely have time in my schedule to get bored, but it does happen once in a blue moon. I enjoy going to lost it, by now Im planning to buy one, because I think I cant live without it Sleeping, going to the movies, and listening to music are the three main hobbies I enjoy the most in my spare time. I hope there will be time to do all the things that make me the happiest in life. Then, I will be able to sleep all I need to.

For an international tourist destination of your choice, critically discuss the marketing strategies that could be adopted to mitigate the impacts of a natural or man-made disaster. The WritePass Journal

For an international tourist destination of your choice, critically discuss the marketing strategies that could be adopted to mitigate the impacts of a natural or man-made disaster. Introduction For an international tourist destination of your choice, critically discuss the marketing strategies that could be adopted to mitigate the impacts of a natural or man-made disaster. IntroductionConclusionRelated Introduction The tourism business around the world which is one of the most susceptible and vulnerable sectors, must always manage and survive from the global crises. In recent decades, the tourism industry in many countries all over the world has experienced major crises from natural disasters such as hurricanes, storm, and tsunami to terrorist attacks, political instability, and economic recession. Generally, disasters are large non-controllable problems that evaluate the capability of nations and communities to effectively protect the population and its ability to recover after the disasters. No tourist destination is immune to such crisis. Hence, the global tourism industry requires strategies and set of directions which help tourism businesses prepare a way to manage a crisis event from its onset and rapidly implement a recovery strategy. The purpose of this essay is to examine the post-disaster destination marketing viewpoint, its effects on the city of New Orleans, and the attempt to repos ition as a premier destination for domestic and international of New Orleans after the devastating effects of Hurricane Katrina, the most destructive natural disaster in American history in August 2005. Besides, this essay will critically examine the effectiveness of recovery marketing strategies undertaken by the city’s tourism marketing organizations and the lessons learned for post disaster market repositioning are also discussed. The first section will define the tourist destination, destination crisis, tourism disaster, and a narrative of vital tourism statistics for the city of New Orleans before the hurricane. The second section will mention the effects of the hurricane on the New Orleans tourism.   Finally, the third phase will critically examine the effectiveness of recovery marketing strategies undertaken by the city’s tourism marketing organizations. According to Beirman (2003), a destination is defined as a country, state, region, city or town which is marketed or markets itself as a place for tourist to visit. Many countries’ main income is collected from tourism activities; they have invested heavily in tourism and required a high level of economic dependence on inbound tourism. The economic disruption to the country, state or region is considered as a result in the viability of a destination and it could be a result in loss of income, unemployment and poverty. However, these implications do not determine the choice of destination in tourists and their prime concern is to travel to destinations that satisfy their own desires with minimum threats to their safety and well-being. Therefore, the marketing of destination crisis is no longer being treated as a problem of a specific destination; it is now an issue of global tourism industry and become a critical political, economic and social priority for many nations which to urism is a significant industry. Faulkner and Russell (2000, cited in Beirman 2003) defined a disaster as ‘a tourism destination is confronted with sudden, unpredictable, catastrophic changes over which it has little control’. In order to modify the definition of Faulkner and Russell, Beirman defines a destination crisis as ‘a situation requiring radical management action in response to events beyond the internal control of the organisation, necessitating urgent adaptation of marketing and operational practices to restore the confidence of employees, associated enterprises and consumers in the viability of the destination’. For many years, New Orleans was an ideal vacation destination and it is the world famous tourist destination due to its rich cultural heritage, copiousness of unique food and many opportunities to enjoy local art, music and festivals. Throughout the past 30 years, New Orleans focuses on its efforts to attract tourists by constantly redefine its image through all taglines such as ‘The Crescent City’, ‘The Gateway to the Mississippi Valley’, ‘America’s Most Interesting City’, ‘The City that Care Forgot’, and the ‘The Big Easy’ (Clement 2008). Moreover, it often cited as â€Å"European† charm and the unique French Quarter historic district, thus, there is a large number of tourists visit the city for many years to take part in the distinct experience that New Orleans has offered as a vacation venue. In January 2005, just seven months before Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans was ranked sixth among the top United States vacation destinations which were conducted by the University of New Orleans (UNO) Hospitality Research Centre (Chacko and Marcell 2008).   Statistically, in 2004, tourism of New Orleans was one of the main economic engines of the city and the employment in hospitality and leisure accounted around 80,827 jobs generating $30 million in state income taxes. Besides, the number of visitors came to city reach to peak 10.1 million and spent $4.9 billion in 2004. Before the Hurricane Katrina occurred, the tourism industry accounted for 3.8% of Gross State Product, provided 175,000 direct jobs, and generated under 8% of total tax revenues of the states (Louisiana Research Team 2004). New Orleans is a unique circumstance of Hurricane Katrina. Faulkner (2001) addressed the difference between the definition of crises and disaster that crisis was defined as ‘induced by the actions or inactions of the organization’ while a disaster was considered to be an ‘induced natural phenomena or external human action’. The terrorist attack September 11, 2001 in the U.S and Chernobyl nuclear accident would be classified as crises while the Turkey earthquake and the plane crash in Lockerbie were disasters. According to Faulkner’s definition, Hurricane Katrina would have been classified as a disaster with over 1,300 died; 228,000 housing units were flooded in the New Orleans metropolitan area and over 70% of 188,000 housing units were damaged by the storm and subsequent flood (Olshansky et al. 2008). However, the poorly man-made concrete levee walls which were designed by the U.S. Corps of Engineers, a federal agency aimed to protect the city breach ed, did the flood waters deluge 80% of the city and created a crisis of gigantic proportions. In addition, federal, state, and local government authorities lacked of capacity in preparing and re-acting in a timely manner to the city citizen’s needs. Therefore, the Hurricane Katrina can be described as an induced natural phenomenon or a disaster followed by the inactions of organizations or a crisis. Two major organisations responsible for the overall tourism and hospitality marketing of the New Orleans are the New Orleans Metropolitan Convention and Visitors Bureau (NOMCVB) and the New Orleans Tourism Marketing Corporation (NOTMC). The primary mission of NOMCVB is bring meetings, conventions, and tour groups to the city, supply many hotels, restaurants, attractions and provide tourism goods and services for customers. This organisation uses personal selling as the primary sales strategy and solicits business from several tourism intermediaries such as meeting planners and tour operators. The second organisation’s goal is to spur the city visitation and uses two million dollar in its budget for advertising and positioning the leisure market of New Orleans. Besides, tourism marketers capitalise New Orleans’s strength as an exotic, unique, and ‘foreign’ locale (Stanonis 2006). In addition, just two months before Katrina, marketers produced a television co mmercial which is part of the summer campaign 2005, featuring New Orleans’s well-known and talented local musicians with titled ‘Do They Play Jazz in Heaven?’   According to Kotler et al. (2005), the appeal of the message was more emotional than rational and included the lines ‘do they play jazz in heaven, in New Orleans we know they do’ (Chacko and Marcell 2008). These messages reinforced the well-established position of the city as an exciting and popular destination with great food and music. However, the arrival of Katrina made a major shift in positioning strategy in producing hundreds of hours of negative publicity in the mass media. Unfortunately, New Orleans’s city was truly in a state of disaster after Hurricane Katrina.   The storm and flooding are not only washed away physical infrastructure of the city, but also eroded the perception of the city’s tourism destination. According to Northington (cited in Chacko and Marcell 2008), the city loss $15.3 million and this was potentially devastating to New Orleans’s tourism industry, especially the loss of economic impact from many festivals and events that it hosts.   However, the biggest obstacle that New Orleans’ tourism industry has to face is the tarnished perception as a tourist destination of the city.   Faulkner (2001) claimed that the power of media and tendency in lingering negative images, the destination usually takes longer to recover than the period requires services restore to normal. The tourism industry of New Orleans has met a lot of challenges after Hurricane Katrina. Prior the disaster, the research focused on measuring the industry and profiling the visitors to New Orleans, but now the focus has sharply shifted to measuring the perceptions of visitors about New Orleans. Mayor C. Ray Nagin said in an interview with the New Orleans Times-Picayune that ‘We have an image challenge throughout the country. You ask what New Orleans is like today, and any people only have images of a city in crisis.   And that’s a concern, that they don’t see the rebuilding that is going on’ (Thevenot 2005). Moreover, due to the national and international media continued to display images of a ravaged city every detail, the tourism industry was getting worse and worse. According to journalist Eric Morgan (2008), ‘because of the media, people believe we have infrastructure issues, hotels aren’t open, restaurants aren’t operational, and there are no supporting service industry workers’. In March 2006, the New Orleans Tourism Marketing Corporation conducted a perceptions study of a panel of 5,000 online travellers, 22% indicated they believed that some neighbourhoods of New Orleans still had standing flood water from Hurricane Katrina, 14% of them believed New Orleans is not a safe place to visit because of contaminated air or drinking water, and 12% indicated that the historic districts in New Orleans are still destroyed or devastated. However, the optimism seems to have increased over time with 77% of meeting planners over the three quarter between October 2005 and January 2006 indicated that they were â€Å"very optimistic† about the sufficient recovery of New Orleans in regaining its status as a major destination city. Although meeting planners fully expect city’s recovery, they believe it will be a slow process (Chacko and Marcell 2008). In reality, New Orleans is different from the potential leisure travellers’ perception. The city’s tap water was safe to drink according to city health officials and there is no standing water on the streets. Transportation and airline are suitable to handle travellers and 80% of hotel room inventory has rebounded as pre-Katrina levels. Nevertheless, many flooded neighbourhoods’ recovery is still slow and the city is continued framing news coverage in these environments and undermining positive messages by the media. Therefore, the challenge is to find the appropriate marketing strategies to mitigate the impacts of disaster for New Orleans. As the result of the Katrina disaster, the NOMCVB, NOTMC, and other tourism organizations have elaborated on their past branding campaigns and created new campaigns to change perceptions of potential travellers and using brand elements such as new slogans and logos to alter the images of New Orleans. The slogans and themes try to counteract negative images which were played out in the national media and reconstruct and increase brand identity of New Orleans. According to Braun-LaTour, LaTour, and Loftus (2006), ‘reminding consumers of their past connection with a brand may be a particularly effective way to repair the brand’s image after a crisis situation’. Slogans were launched through branding campaigns of organisations such as ‘fall in love with Louisiana all over again’, ‘New Orleans: Happenin’ everyday’, ‘do you know what it means to Miss New Orleans? We know you do’ and etc. to rebrand New Orleans as a multicult ural destination and created a sentimental image of New Orleans, divert attention of travellers from the human suffering’s reality, physical destruction and stimulate consumer desires to travel to the city by constructing a narrative of past grandeur. According to Greenberg (2000), the urban branding campaigns function not only as ‘texts-on-cities’ but also power-laden ‘texts-as-cities’ that position of organisations and tourism professionals as important voices in the articulation of the collective identity of the city and thus ultimately the urban brand. In January 2007, with support from Lieutenant Governor Mitch Landrieu, the NOMCVB launched ‘an aggressive, strategic, marketing, public relations and direct sales campaign   designed to celebrate its authentic culture, lure domestic and international visitors back, preserve the city’s leading industry (hospitality) and overcome misperceptions about New Orleans among   consumers’ (NOMCVB Press Release 2007). The ‘Forever New Orleans’ campaign is an international branding campaign   which was designed to re-brand the city internationally by showcasing the confidence of hospitality industry in New Orleans and developing a deeper understanding of the city culture as unique and authentic.   It uses headlines in outdoor advertisements and print campaigns such as ‘New Orleans is Open. To Just About Anything’, ‘Soul is Waterproof’, ‘Old World, New Promise’ and other phrases to celebrate a spirit of swagger, appea l the meetings industry, travel trade professionals and the traveling public. According to Morgan (2008), the largest out-of-home advertising company in the United States CBS Outdoor donated 44 billboards worth a valued of $3 million to New Orleans.   Besides, the 30 minutes television show ‘A Whole New Orleans’ attempts to attract visitors with displays of the city’s most authentic, historic destination and unique culture. The NOMCVB and other tourism professionals try to increase the development of New Orleans’s tourism post Katrina and mention the perspective of ‘internalising the brand’ as a major ingredient in branding New Orleans as an entertainment destination (Gotham 2007). New urban rebranding campaigns are being implemented in order to present ‘authentic’ image of New Orleans as clearly demarcated, disconnected, and segregated from flooded neighbourhoods by tourism professionals. Besides, a new industry of ‘disaster tourism’, for example ‘Hurricane Katrina: America’s Worst Catastrophe!’ tour through devastated neighbourhoods of Gray Line New Orleans Bus Tours focused on ordinary places that have historical and cultural significance thereby mobilizing travellers to visit them. Moreover, in order to attract corporate brands to invest in New Orleans, political and economic elites have pushed for the development of lucrative tax sub sidies and help finance the rebuilding effort. Therefore, the above points demonstrate that tourism organisations are trying to marketing the imaginary of New Orleans base on entertainment version to attract investment and rebuild the city. The branding strategy is a new method to promote urban place to align local political interests with transnational corporate entertainment to organise urban rebuilding. Rebranding New Orleans post-Katrina is not just attracting consumers and visitors to spend money in the city, but also ‘about socializing residents to view the city as a brand and imagining an urban future that conforms to a semiotic script’ (Gotham 2007). Due to tourism professionals mention the perspective of ‘internalising the brand’ as a major ingredient in branding New Orleans as an entertainment destination, there are some conflicts intrinsic in the understanding of urban brands. Firstly, there is the lack of clear and understandable object capable of being branded. Cities and places are multifaceted and complicated systems of organization and they contain a range of different groups, diverse identities and conflicted social relations.   Branding destinations is more complex and challenging than other goods and services because of the existence and interdependence of multiple stakeholders, multiple components and multiple suppliers involved in the tourism service delivery (Buhalis 2000) and especially when it involves national characteristics and loyalties and popular permission of whole population. The second is the lack of control between urban branding organisations and branding campaigns when they deal with unc ertain and unstable environment of many stakeholders who have diverse interests, contending perceptions and urban visions (Park and Petrick 2005). The branding work of New Orleans’s tourism professionals are informed by market research and tourist trends, however, they do not know whether the campaigns are successful or not. Besides, the branding process is full of instability and uncertainty. Moreover, the urban branding’s unpredictability derives from gained knowledge about visitors through surveys is partial and incomplete because consumer’s desires and preferences always change. Thirdly, there is exist the risk that visitors and residents may reject the images of brand and view them as irrelevant, inauthentic or affronts to local culture. Additionally, there is the lack of consensus about the positive or negative effects of tourism in the city and a clear differentiation between residents who favour tourism and those who against it. In the construction of ur ban reality and produce meanings, residents are actively involved in and sometimes they are challenge the dominant imaginary of urban and brand. Due to the views of residents about New Orleans are not singular or fixed, thus, ‘internalising the brand’ is no means ensured or guaranteed. There is unclear and questionable about the partial internalisation whether it is realised as a vehicle for enhancing brand value or not when some residents may incorporate some affective links with the New Orleans brand into their lives. Conclusion In summary, hurricane Katrina has weakened the New Orleans’s tourism industry, displaced thousands of people, problematized meanings of community identity, and can cause wholesale changes to all aspects of tourism destination management. Numerous prescriptive strategies have provided examples, templates and checklists for tourism agencies to formulate marketing strategies which are the very important in the recovery process. Restoring the urban brand strategy of New Orleans is a differentiation and diversification process whereby local tourism organizations harness and construct destination images in order to control consumer impressions and understandings of a particular locale. Although urban brand has network of power operate and clear profiteering motives, it is also important to recognise branding as a contradictory process with unpredictable outcome, unforeseen consequences and facing a long road to recover destination image. However, tourism marketers of the city are us ing repositioning strategy or (re)brand strategy to make New Orleans regain its status as an outstanding tourism destination.

Comparison of two works in Museum of Modern Art Term Paper

Comparison of two works in Museum of Modern Art - Term Paper Example The paper "Comparison of two works in Museum of Modern Art" compares Fernand Leger’s "Woman With a Book" with Meret Oppenheim’s "Red Head, Blue Body". Painters use the techniques they employ in their paintings and the features of the society they portray in the same. The discussion below therefore analyses features of two paintings developed in different times with the painters employing particular techniques in ensuring the efficacy of the artifacts. Woman With a Book painted by Fernand Leger in 1923 and Red Head, Blue Body painted by Meret Oppenheim in 1936 have fundamental differences and similarities that help portray the social, cultural and technological development in the art within the decade that separates them as the discussion below portrays. Just as the name suggests, Woman With a Book, is an artistic oil on canvas painting of a woman holding a book. The painting depicts the painter’s artistic intuition and urge to create a new style in painting there by debuting the mechanical age. In the painting, Fernand Leger portrays his artistic skills as he employs particular elements in developing the painting. He employs such elements as appropriate shapes and colors thereby developing effective foreground, middle ground and background in his artifacts. These enhance his communication as he envisioned the final artifact. The choice to use oil on canvas is appropriate, as it has contributed to the longevity of the painting in the museum. Oil on canvas was a major discovery in the early years of art.

Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 17

Annotated Bibliography Example Though the power coefficient of some of these turbines may be relatively low, they also work under low-quality winds. The writer claims that air flow approaching a wind turbine slows down by creating a low- pressure region behind the turbine. This pressure difference between the two sides of the propeller blades reduces the efficiency of doing work and increases the cost of wind power generation. Following to such loss a wing structure placed at a distance around the turbine is used to increase the power of the wind turbine by a factor of 2.0. The propeller is tightly fitted onto the inner shroud without leaving space between the tips of the propeller blades and the shroud. This method of improving wind turbine efficiency reduces the cost of generating wind power. These authors believe that the use of mantle’s nozzle which can be regulated can generate more quantities of electric power in wind turbine. The nozzle that is aerodynamically shaped ring induces a centrifugal force in the wind stream thus replacing free air stream with a concentrated stream of air. As a result, higher mass of air flows and velocity of this air behind the rotor reduced giving a higher energy output from the wind turbine in the nozzle. This increases the profit and reduces the cost of generating wind power. Though speed variation will increase, the concentration factor fc=2.5, it becomes inconvenient to work with wind at speeds exceeding the rated one. It is for this reason that control blades are installed on the frame side to let the excess air bypass the turbine rotor. This is however an additional cost and weight whose effects are adverse as well. These experts argue that steering aero foils are used to increase the rotational speed of wind blades. They are fixed surrounding the wind blades at an optimum distance whereby the angle of inclination can be valid. By adjusting the length and the angle of tilt, the rate can be

Factor Analysis And Confirmatory Factor Analysis Essay Example for Free

Factor Analysis And Confirmatory Factor Analysis Essay Factor analysis is an arithmetical technique used to describe variability regarding observed variables with regard to lower number of unobserved variables. Factor analysis looks for such joint variations in response to unobserved hidden variables. The observed variables are molded as linear combinations of potential factors including the error terms. Information attained regarding interdependence between observed factors can later be utilized to reduce the set of variables within a dataset. Factor analysis originated in psychometrics and is applied in behavioral sciences operations research and applied sciences which deal with large quantities of data. In psychology, factor analysis is in most cases associated with intelligence search. Factor analysis has been used to search for factors within a broad range of spheres such as character, beliefs and attitudes. Factor analysis isolates the underlying variables that make clear the data. There are two types of factor analysis; principal factor analysis and common factor analysis. The factors generated by principal factor analysis are theoretical as being as liner combinations of variables whereas those generated by common factor analysis are theoretical latent variables. Computationally, the main difference is that the diagonal relationship matrix is substituted with common variables in common factor analysis. Factor analysis is performed through examining the pattern of connection between the observed variables. Variables which are highly related have a likelihood of being influenced by factors such as those which are moderately unrelated and have a more likelihood of being influenced by different factors. Principal component analysis is the most widespread factor analysis. Principal factor analysis seeks for a linear combination of measures in such a way that the maximum difference is extracted form the measures. It then removes the difference and search for a second liner a combination that explains the maximum proportion of the remaining variance. Conducting a Confirmatory Factor Analysis The main purpose of a Confirmatory Factor Analysis is to establish the ability of a prearranged variable model to fit within an observed set of data. Among the normal uses of Confirmatory Factor Analysis include; establishing the weight of a single factor representation compares the ability of two differing models to account for the same set of data, test the significance of particular factor loading, test the connection between two or more factor loadings and also to evaluate the convergent and discriminate strength of a set of measures. Conducting a Confirmatory Factor Analysis The six stages involved include; Describing the factor model which is the first thing required to be done accurately to define the model one wants to test. This involves choosing the number of factors and defining the nature of loadings between measures and factors. The loading can be fixed at zero or any other constant number or allowed to vary within specified constraints. Collect the measurements through measurement of variables on same experimental units. Obtain a correlation matrix by getting the correlation between each of the variables. Fit the model into data by selecting a method to obtain the estimates of factor loadings which were free to vary. The normal model-fitting method is the Maximum likelihood estimation that needs to be used unless the measures serious lack multivariate normality. In such a case one can use Asymptotically distribution free estimation. Evaluation of model adequacy s done when the factor model is fit the data, the factor loading are selected to minimize the difference between the correlation matrix implied by the model and the actual observed matrix. The amount of difference after the best parameters have been selected can be used as a measure as to how reliable the reproduction is with the data. The commonly used assessment of model adequacy is the X2 goodness of fit test. Null hypothesis for this test holds that the model sufficiency for the data, while the other is that there a significant level f differences. Regrettably, this test is highly sensitive to sample size since, tests used in testing large samples generally lead to a rejection of null hypothesis, even when factor model is suitable. Other statistics like the Tucker-Lewis index, compare the fitness of planned model to a null representation.   These statistics show less sensitivity to sample size. By comparing these two models with other model one can is able observe the difference between their X 2 statistics which is almost equal to X2 distribution. About al individual factor loading tests can be compared to reduced and full factor models.   In situations where there is no comparison of full and reduced models, use of Root mean square error of approximation is recommended which is n estimation of discrepancy per degree of freedom within the model. References DeCoster, J. (1998). Overview of Factor Analysis. Retrieved on August, 16, 2010 from http://www.stat-help.co/notes.html