Auditing and Assurance Services Audit Inherent Risk Model

Question: Depict about the Auditing and Assurance Services for Audit Inherent Risk Model. Answer: Which means of Inherent hazard: Intrinsic Risk is the danger of a material misquote in the budget reports emerging because of blunder or oversight because of elements other than the disappointment of controls (factors that may cause an error because of nonattendance or pass of controls are considered independently in the evaluation of control chance). Components that would have added to expanded inborn hazard appraisal at the budgetary detailing level: Skill and Integrity of the board: At budgetary announcing level, numerous revelations in fiscal reports, approaches, exchange rehearses and so forth. Depend on the board judgment and their methodology towards future monetary development. State not many appraisals are to made to reveal genuine picture of financials i.e arrangement for worker benefits, arrangement for costs and so forth Evaluating the executives uprightness is no simple undertaking however at monetary detailing level, natural danger of review increments if fitness and respectability of the board is seen as low by the examiner. As referenced in the inquiry, because of fast industry development in the business, noteworthy administrative involvement with the business was restricted. In this way, because of restricted experience the board may not get appropriate answers for complex circumstances emerging in the business or it will be unable to assess future patterns and advancements of which the executives of contender substance know about. Inconsistencies in bookkeeping records: It might happen that the bookkeeping records are kept up appropriately in a substance. State for instance, there are numerous mistakes and oversights in the bookkeeping records. Because of this factor, money related situation as at announcing date might be misdirect to an enormous degree Disparity in bookkeeping records influences can impact any segment of fiscal summary for example income, consumption of some other accounting report or benefit and misfortune thing. In this manner, if any errors are found in bookkeeping records innate danger of review will be surveyed as high. If there should be an occurrence of unpracticed bookkeeping work force, it might happen that bookkeepers are not satisfactory at section level as it were. They may get confounded in charge and credit passages. Along these lines, it might cost errors in bookkeeping records. The path equalization of the organization may not count, account adjusts may not speak to genuine record adjusts, and so forth which increments natural hazard engaged with review at monetary announcing level. Irregular connection among examiner and the executives: A review includes giving an account of budget summaries of an element whether they are valid and reasonable autonomously. On the off chance that there is any sign of bizarre connection among inspector and the executives for example high volume of exchanges between both, old fellowship or connection among inspector and the executives. And so forth may influence the autonomy of evaluator and the reviewer may not report the real image of budget reports and he may wind up revealing for the element. Hence, this factor increments intrinsic danger of review. The markers of abnormal connections might be repeating money exchanges among evaluator and the organization, examiner and friends are connected gatherings, and so forth. Uncommon exchanges with outside or critical related gathering exchanges: Related gatherings are parties which are primarily constrained by basic controlling position. It might happen that, for individual advantages executives may move benefits of one element to other. Or then again it might happen that they offer results of one organization to other related gathering at less expensive rates to make other substance gainful. In this manner, in the event that if toward the start of review, the inspector discovers enormous volume of exchanges with related gathering or any bizarre exchange with related gathering, he may group inalienable danger of review as high. There might be a few exchanges with outside gatherings distinguished toward the beginning of review or over the span of review which are abnormal in nature. For instance, an exchange not identified with business, high money esteem exchange or other exchange which the reviewer may discover abnormal increment the characteristic danger of review. These exchanges may likewise affect budgetary situation of a substance. In this manner, event of such strange exchanges expands the intrinsic danger of review. Further, if exchanges with related gatherings are high in volume additionally influence the intrinsic hazard associated with review. As the element has enthusiasm for its related gathering, the exchanges may not be a careful distance cost or it might happen that assets are moved from one substance to other and investors reserves are utilized for related gathering of the element. Such sort of exchanges increment the natural hazard associated with a review at fiscal report level. Monetary outcomes that appear to be unrealistic: Sometimes, budgetary consequences of an organization appear to be too acceptable i.e money related situation of the organization appears to be excessively acceptable when contrasted with industry patterns and companys interior monetary structure and capacity of the administration. For instance, normal benefit in industry is 10% yet the money related of the substance are indicating benefit of 40 %. This sort of circumstances prompts progressively complex decisions by the inspector. Along these lines, if money related outcomes appear to be unrealistic, the inalienable hazard in review will increment. The organization may show wrong picture in financials to draw in investors, speculators and clients towards administrations. It might happen that, to pull in huge ventures, benefit of the organization is revealed multiplied or the fluid proportion is unveiled positive for the organization. However, the reviewer through his expert wariness may distinguish that such financials are not in accordance with current money related situation of the organization of industry. In this manner, he may need to play out extra review techniques to guarantee the budgetary outcomes unveiled by the organization are valid and reasonable. Variables which would have recognized at key arranging level: Competency and Integrity of the board: Management can plan and partition work in such a way, that master specifically work in assigned to the work coordinating with his ability. Disparities in bookkeeping records: Management can set up controls for bookkeeping at key arranging level. Arrangement: Characteristic hazard factors that would have added to expanded inborn hazard appraisal at the record balance level: Record speaks to a benefit that can be handily taken: There might be where resources of the substance are kept or kept up so that they can be effortlessly taken. For instance, organization keeps not many of its machines outside the production line because of capacity issues in processing plant and no security is there to keep watch on that machines which are kept outside the manufacturing plant. Presently there might be where this advantages are taken and the inspector even the organization doesn't know about the case. In such circumstances, it might happen that examiner reports net square of benefits as 1,00,000$ and just resources worth 97,000$ are accessible truly. This expands the characteristic review chance at account balance level. Fixed resources spread a significant segment of entitys financials. Whenever fixed resources are not uncovered appropriately in the financials, there is high danger of distortion of the companys money related position. In this way account adjusts speak to resources that can be handily taken, it is high hazard thing for a reviewer and subsequently it increments inborn review chance at budget summary level. Record balance comprised of complex exchanges: On the off chance that any record has complex passages and record balance isn't clear or the idea of exchanges in that record isn't obvious to evaluator the inspector needs to play out extra systems to remark on evident and reasonable perspective on that account. For instance, a record utilized for bookkeeping of charges and legitimate portrayal isn't given to sections in that account, it might happen that examiner finds that account extremely perplexing and play out extra systems to get comfort on the figures of that account. Further, it is likewise conceivable that specialized information on bookkeeper is less and passages of costs are steered through the record of assessment. Such cases increment the characteristic review chance at account balance level. Record balance requires a significant level of estimation to esteem: There are a few exchanges wherein appropriate estimation by the executives is required to finish the records with the goal that bogus picture budgetary situation of the element isn't accounted for. Instances of such sort of estimations are arrangements for costs collected yet not due, arrangement for tip, unexpected obligation, and so forth. On the off chance that the organization is acquiring high volume of use at the year end of which accurate installment to be made for that use in not know by the administration, the board gauges become increasingly urgent in delineating the monetary picture and consequently it expands the intrinsic danger of review. Different Factors: Record balance subject to changes that are not in the conventional preparing schedule: Financials are concluded subsequent to making a few changes in represents introduction of fiscal reports to conform to detailing measures. In the event that the records are too mind boggling and numerous changes are required in that for appropriate divulgence, likelihood of blunder increments and intrinsic danger of review likewise increments. Record adjusts are made out of high estimation of non routine exchanges: In such cases it gets hard for evaluator to effortlessly depend on account adjusts as it comprises of irregular exchanges which are not in course of business. Inspector needs to play out extra review techniques to safeguard that balance in such sort of records is valid and reasonable. Arrangement Remark on going worry of business venture: Going concern whenever influenced by the accompanying: Security of business: If there is any sign of any future or recent development which may affect tasks of business significantly going concern idea is influenced.. For instance, if any new item is propelled in showcase which is better than the companys item and friends can't upgr

Pressure Groups Essay

Weight gatherings can impact political choices from multiple points of view. Weight bunches speak to a specific issue/issues and attempts to squeeze the legislature to change laws concerning their particular intrigue. This can happen in a few unique manners yet strategies utilized by insider pressure bunches are diverse to the ones utilized by untouchable weight gatherings. Untouchable weight bunches keep their autonomy from the administration. Due to this these weight bunches are not limited by a similar set of principles as insider pressure gatherings and have more opportunity to dissent in manners, which the Government would not endorse of. Direct activity is a strategy frequently utilized by pariah constrain gatherings to pressurize the Government. The sorts of direct activity utilized are regularly illicit and perilous. For instance the Animal Liberation Group went to a mink ranch and let the minks out and have likewise picketed labs and tossed stones at the individuals who work there. Outcast weight bunches that desire to become insiders are bound to comply with the law when they are dissenting so they have to a greater degree a possibility of setting up joins with the administration and be given the insider status. Anyway insider pressure bunches will in general be subtler and cunning in the manner in which they apply Pressure to the administration. Insider pressure bunches will in general have an ability in their general vicinity of intrigue and can inquire about their issues viably. Insider pressure bunches will in general have contacts with Government Officials and Civil Servants who they can use to get data. Government employees will likewise utilize the examinations completed by these constrain gatherings to improve Bills. Since insider Pressure Groups invest a great deal of energy investigating issue’s that they are worried about and examine them officially then they gain regard from the administration and are progressively ready to impact chiefs. Despite the fact that insider and untouchable gatherings utilize various strategies to impact the legislature the fundamental path is to attempt to get exposure for their motivation and to get the general population on their side. Sending letters to papers, walking through the avenues, giving Exhibitions, leafleting and holding open gatherings does this. Some weight gatherings will gather marks for a request, which they at that point send to a MP to attempt to convince him to bring the issue up in parliament. Margerat Ewing raised the issue of the dumping of Nuclear waste at Dunraye in parliament to enable a strain to bunch worried about the issue. In the Scottish Parliament there is an extraordinary Petition Committee which researches petitions and educates the Minister to which every appeal to concerns. This a successful method of weight as it implies that the Scottish Executive will have the option to discover issues and will have the option to perceive what number of individuals need an adjustment in enactment to take care of this issue. Weight bunches impact political choices by utilizing the media for exposure, utilizing government authorities and government employees and now and again utilizing unlawful techniques to attempt to pressurize the Government.

What is Economics Issues Affecting The Economy As A Whole Essay

What is Economics Issues Affecting The Economy As A Whole - Essay Example The second piece of financial aspects manages the issues ascending in the worldwide field. People have boundless needs however there are restricted assets to deliver it and when we state assets this is essentially alluded as the four components of creations that are utilized in creating needs. Human race resembles an ever ravenous brute whose needs are boundless however there are constrained assets to deliver it. This issue is alluded as shortage in light of the fact that these assets like oil, mineral, gases take a great many years to frame and people devour it with a century. (McConnell, 2011) We all realize that each human have some fundamental needs and past these necessities there are needs that is just requested to pick up delight or to determine fulfillment. People have no limit to their needs yet because of constrained pay we are compelled to settle on decisions as we can't have anything we desire so we need to choose the things we can manage the cost of and ensure that the thing we have chosen gives us most advantage. At the point when a decision is made one thing is provided up so as to get what we have chosen. The following best elective that we provided up so as to acquire what we have chosen is called opportunity cost. For instance between a bicycle and an I-Phone 5 an individual picks a bicycle for this situation the I-Phone 5 is the open door cost. The ideas in financial matters can be true or worth based. Goal and certainty based data is alluded as Positive Economics while esteem based and emotional data is identified with the Normative Economics. Positive financial matters could be verified or objected while the Normative Economics are sentiment based. (McConnell, 2011) Macroeconomics and Microeconomics Before we go into furthe r examination it is essential to talk about the two significant parts of financial matters and that is separating among Microeconomics and Macroeconomics. These two branches have numerous fundamental normal thoughts and strategies in like manner, the distinction lies in the level to which they are considered and the manner in which they are seen. Microeconomics centers around singular purchasers, laborers and firms every one of which is too little to even think about having an effect on the national economy. Macroeconomics stays away from this differentiation among a wide range of sorts of merchandise, firms and markets that exist in the economy and rather center around total. For instance, in their investigation macroeconomists couldn't care less whether purchasers are purchasing VCRs or DVD players, hamburger or chicken, Pepsi or Coke. It centers around summarizing singular factors to acquire monetary wide sums called collection. (McConnell, 2011) Issues influencing the economy in general Studying about the structure of the economy is a piece of Macroeconomics that reviews the presentation of the national economy and aides in planning arrangements that administration use to impact the economy. (McConnell, 2011) There are sure issues that influence the economy and the principle ones are: Business Cycle Growth in an economy is rarely smooth, it

Emergent Topics in Homeland Security Essay - 1100 Words

Emergent Topics in Homeland Security (Essay Sample) Content: Name:Instructor:Date:Emergent Topics in Homeland SecurityDescriptionWith the ever increasing unpredictability, uncertainty, misconceptions and misinformation within United Statesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ borders and beyond, American homeland security remains threatened by a number of emerging threats. For instance, information revolution presents a wide range of opportunities for prosperity and innovation as well as a platform for improving general welfare of every part of the world (Arab Social Media Report 1). Yet with the wide reach of a "lightly regulated digital infrastructure, great risks threaten nations, private enterprises, and individual rights" (Cyber Policy Review i). This has put the US government together with its security agencies, National Intelligence Commission (NIC) and Department of Homeland Security (DHS) tasked with curbing criminal activities within its borders, in a difficult position of having to deal with the emerging challenges. The Intelligence community which is charged with the duty of detecting and analyzing potential security threats to the US is continuously dealing with new challenges in its effort to ensure smooth flow of information. For instance, the National Strategy for Information Sharing and Safeguarding (NSISS) is heavily dependent on its members to uninterruptedly gather, process, and share correct information despite the risks of such information getting into the hands of wrong people due to the increased possibilities created by new information technology for such incidences.Nevertheless, the US government has the responsibility to address the myriad of emerging threats to ensure that its citizens as well as the larger international community remain safe and secure. In this view, the knowledge dominance and situational awareness remains the secret weapons by which the US government will mitigate economic, military and political threats to homeland security and global security at large. Knowledge dominance simply re fers to the ability of the government to gather process and share information freely in uninterrupted manner while exploiting the ability of an enemy to do the same. Situational awareness refers to having a superior knowledge about an area or vicinity, in order to understand when, how and why given phenomena occur and being able to respond in a timely and effective manner to such occurrences. Based on Lahnemanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s (733) description of information as either public or proprietary, one can argue that the US security agencies, NIC and DHS among others have an opportunity to define and strengthen what it consider open and classified information.ExplanationAs noted in Lahnemanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s (201) article, The Need for a New Intelligence Paradigm, traditional state-based security threats continue to be a problem; however, there are new security threats emerging from transnational phenomena. It is against this background that the US government seeks to achieve knowledge dominance and maintain situational awareness for homeland security. One of the key drivers of this quest is the emergence of transnational terrorism which has become not only the most visible of the current emerging threats, but also most complicated in terms of forms and perpetrators. In addition, transnational terrorism remains one of the greatest threats to US home security because of networked nature of this type of crime and its perpetrators who continue to thrive on multifaceted communication, increased global travel, and greater financial capabilities facilitated by the process of globalization (Lahneman 201). Moreover, the transnational terroristsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ invasion of cyberspace threatens any quest for knowledge dominance by the US government, a more telling reason for the US government to drive on with its quest for knowledge dominance and situational awareness. Other transnational threats that are less visible but potentially highly destructive include naturally-occurring and human-in duced phenomena such as the spread of HIV/AIDs, nuclear proliferation, climate change, etc (Lehneman 201).AnalysisAs discussed above, transnational terrorism remains the most visible and most challenging security threat today in the United States. Although Lahneman (201) admitted that other forms of transnational threats pose greater destructive threat than terrorism, the complicated nature of transnational terrorism makes it a number one threat to homeland security. The 9/11 attack on the US soil is a clear illustration of how things can go wrong if there is no clear situational understanding and information flow between and among security agencies and bodies. Lahneman (730) illustrated this in his article Examining the NGPI "Dotsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , when he recounted the findings in the 9/11 Commission Report. According to Lahneman (731), the 9/11 attack was attributed to breakdown in information flow. Despite this major attack ever witnessed on the US soil, the US government continue s to grapple with home-based terrorism which has international or transnational networks such as the recent Boston Bombing. In other words, of all the transnational threats (both naturally occurring and human-induced), it is only transnational terrorism that remain a major threat to the US homeland security because its perpetrators are today more knowledgeable about how the US security operates thanks to information revolution. Thus, they are always keen on taking advantage of any breakdown in information flow among security agencies and any slump in situational awareness to strike the US and its citizens. It is increased threat to US and its c...

The Effectiveness of Vinegar as Battery - 852 Words

Republic of the Philippines Commission on Higher Education Pamantasan ng Cabuyao The Effectiveness of Vinegar as a Battery A Science Investigatory Project Presented to the Faculty of College of Business Administration and Accountancy In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements in NATSCI2 Balaoro, IkaClarish M. De Lemos, Kimberly Marie C. Elep, Jennifer Ibale, Alexandra E. Izar, Janine S. 2BSA-2 A.Y 2014 – 2015 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION The world is blessed by the abundance of energy. It comprises various types of energy. One of this is electrical energy or electricity. Electricity is one of the most powerful forces in our lives. This term make us to remind of anything that we plug into an outlet in order to†¦show more content†¦A vinegar battery may not be as strong as other commercial batteries. However, it is safer than other batteries that do contain some harmful chemicals. It is based on electricity made from vinegar. This is something that seems like magic to most people, but is really simple science. Aside that this is cheaper than other batteries, it is environmental friendly because it doesn’t contain hazardous and toxic elements. We, the researchers, prioritize not only the discovery of the vinegar battery as an alternative source but also as renewable source of energy. This energy if guided correctly can power low amperage devices. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM General Objective: The main objective of this study is to show the effectiveness and usefulness of the vinegar battery in producing electrical energy. Specific Objective: 1. What is the purpose of using vinegar in this activity? 2. How is it possible to produce energy out of those substances? 3. How can vinegar battery be efficient as the source of electricity? Hypothesis 1. Vinegar serves as the source of electricity. 2. Vinegar, which is an acid, produces free ions in solution. These ions carry charges from one place to another, which is how current is carried. 3. The efficiency is based on the number of series of battery used. SIGNFICANCE OF THE STUDY Nowadays, many scientistsShow MoreRelatedPotential Of Coconut Water as Source of Electricity3520 Words   |  15 PagesChapter 1 The Problem and the Background of the Study A. Introduction One of the major problems in our country is energy shortage. There are many methods and proposals on how to conserve it such as the use of batteries. One of these is an electrolytic cell. It contains an electrolyte through which an externally generated electric current is passed by a system of electrodes (electrically positive electrode is called the anode and the negative electrode the cathode) in order to produce an electrochemicalRead MoreEssay on Wgu Int1 Task 33566 Words   |  15 Pagesgrime/grease, bathroom counter soap scum, car windshield and battery corrosion on a car battery and bathroom counter/sink).   Each item will be cleaned with Pepsi and soap and water, with the soap brand of Palmolive dish detergent. The researcher/writer will compare the results between the Pepsi and Palmolive visibly as well as swabbing each cleaning surface with a specific number of Qtips following the cleaning process to determine the effectiveness.   The results/ outcome of this project/experiment researchRead MoreInvestigatory Project3204 Words   |  13 PagesFactors affecting the growth of bacteria [Exp] 043. Factors affecting the growth of molds or yeast [Exp] 051. Experiment with Hydroponics  (Use seedlings started from seed with three types of soil and different rates of fertilizer) [Exp] 071. The effectiveness of Antiseptics and soaps on household bacteria   [Exp] 091. Comparing types of artificial light on plant growth [Exp]   101. Conditions necessary for the life of a brine shrimp   [Exp] 121. Producing mutations in bacteria   122. Producing mutationsRead MoreComputer Shop Feasibility Study7370 Words   |  30 Pages48 @9.00  ± 432.00 y    Fish sauce, 48 @11.00 - 528.00 y    Vinegar in plastic park, 48 @4.50  ± 216.00 y    Soy sauce in plastic pack, 48 @6.00 - 288.00 y      Noodles in plastic cups, 30 @15.00 - 450.00 y    Candies, 300 @0 .50 - 150.00 y      Noodles (pancit canton), 72 @7.50 - 540.00 y      Noodles (soup), 72 @6.50 - 468.00 y    Tomato sauce, 20 @13.00 - 260.00 y    Meat loaf, 25 @55.00 - 1,375.00 y    Batteries (biq), 30 @25.00  ± 750.00 y    Batteries (small), 30 @ 11.00 - 330 00 y    Diaper Subtotal, 60 @6.00

Alcohol Essay 10 - 2590 Words

Alcohol is a drug that is classified as a central nervous system depressant. There are three forms of alcohol, beer, wine and distilled spirits. Alcohol is one of the most commonly used drugs in the United States and has more adverse effects that most other drugs combined. There are many aspects to consider when thinking about alcohol as a drug. There are many myths surrounding alcohol, including who uses it, what its effects are on users, social and sexual situations and the amounts people drink. The vast majority of the American population uses alcohol and in many various ways and this also causes different effects. Alcohol is also has a great causation in crimes committed by users, social, medical, and educational problems as a†¦show more content†¦Because these people used alcohol they automatically put themselves at a higher risk, than non-drinkers, for alcohol-related injuries, problems with the law and many different negative health effects, including liver dysf unction, (MU Health, 2004). Users of alcohol also put others around them at a higher risk for negative consequences including disruption of events and studying, (Statistics on Alcohol, 2000). Although all types of drinking can have adverse effects, there are different levels of use that result in different effects. Moderate drinking is defined as drinking that generally does not cause problems in the drinker or society, typically one drink per day. This low level of alcohol consumption has been shown in studies to, reduce stress, decrease tension and anxiety, (NIAAA, 2000). 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Emerging Technology in Business for Review of the Literature

Question: Discuss about theEmerging Technology in Business for Review of the Literature. Answer: Business background Tesla is on the verge of manufacturing fully autonomous cars that do not require human intervention at all. However, the self-driving car that has been launched by Tesla recently contains various threats and vulnerabilities. The positive impact of the self-driving cars has been discussed throughout the report. The potential benefits will attract any customers to purchase and drive. However, there are numerous glitches that are involved with the self-driving. Lambert (2016) has highlighted that the hackers malicious attack can disrupt the system of the autonomous cars. The algorithms and the artificial intelligence technology incorporated within the system are not strong and efficient enough thus contains multiple flaws. The researchers are conducting researches to make the car fully autonomous, the autonomous car manufacturers alongside Tesla are continuously making efforts to innovate the existing autopilot cars. Digital disruption analysis The potential impact of the self-driving cars has been discussed in the report. The cars have lots of benefits to offer, the cars drive cautiously, the cars always follow the traffic rules and regulations, the driver will not have to drive himself. Besides the benefits, there are disruptions associated with the self-driving cars. According to Dikmen and Burns (2016), the self-driving cars have multiple flaws that have addressed in the report. The rise of the self-driving cars can prove to be a serious threat to the taxi industry. However, there are multiple flaws associated with the self-driving cars and those flaws have been well highlighted in the report. Lin (2016) has stated that the self-driving cars still are in development mode and they require mass improvement. That is why the taxi industry can be assured that they are still safe. The main flaws are that the autonomous cars cannot detect the roadblocks; even the cars cannot detect any traffic polices wavering of hands. The ma lware attack can make the system of the car vulnerable. Sometimes the cars can even malfunction due to software or any hardware glitches. Thus the cars cannot replace the personal driver. Even the cars require human intervention all the time; someone needs to be there behind the wheel to drive the car. Rogerson (2017) showcases that the advent of the electric cars and the self-driving cars are imposing pressure on the automobile industry who manufactures cars that run on petrol and oil. The electric cars or e-vehicle will surely be going to replace the cars that run on oil. The report has analysed the disruption caused by the self-driving cars. Researchers are conducting researches to innovate the autonomous cars so that they can be fully autonomous and will not require human intervention at all. Implication The implications for the taxi industry with respect to self-driving cars The self-driving cars are responsible for driving cars automatically. Though the cars are autonomous, still the drivers need to be aware of the technical aspects of the cars. The drivers still need to know how to drive a car. The high tech self-driving car may falter and in that case, the driver of the car will have to take control of the car and he will have to drive himself. That means the driver must have the desired driving knowledge. The cost of these high tech cars is too high for the citizens, not all people can afford to buy those expensive cars. As per Rakovic (2016), the taxi industry can be assured that the citizens will still use their service. The citizens have fear of accidents so they still prefer the taxi. The security concerns are there in case of the high tech cars. The hackers can hack the system of the high tech cars and can make the cars vulnerable to attack. Any hackers can hack and use the cars for their benefits. Thus the citizens are cautious about the securi ty breach thus prefers the taxi industry. The self-driving cars are not capable of fully eliminating the chance of car accident issues and so the citizens are preferring the taxi to self-driving cars. The self-driving cars are not capable to fully operate at all weather conditions; the normal taxi will very easily root out the self-driving cars. Also, in case of traffic signal failures, the self-driving cars are not capable to interpret the human signals. The self-driving cars cannot detect the wavering of hands. These cars are not efficient to detect the roadblocks. Hull (2016) has stated that the GPS device incorporated into the car can even give false directions that can lead to accidents. Thus all these factors are major drawbacks of self-driving cars which ensure that the taxi drivers and their industry are still safe. The self-driving cars are under development and have lots of flaws, thus the taxi drivers can carry on their business venture. Legally, the self-driving cars of today are not proficient enough to replace the taxi industry; however, it is hoped in mere future these cars will up with some innovative aspects. Can this technology replace personal driver? The tech giants, Mercedes-Benz and BMW are all working on to manufacture fully autonomous cars. The cars manufactured by duo look promising and it is hoped that they will come up with more advanced cars in future. However, the autonomous cars that exist today have multiple flaws so the today's self-driving cars are capable to replace the personal driver. The full development of those cars is still under questionnaire, the cars can malfunction. Fridman, Jenik and Reimer (2017) showcase that the drivers still need to have knowledge of driving for safety purpose in case if the autonomous cars malfunction. Also, the security breaches can lead to malfunction of the car, the autonomous cars are not proficient to detect the roadblocks, and also it is not proficient to detect the wavering of hands. Thus there are multiple opportunities which can lead to car accidents. Again, the cars as mentioned are not efficient to drive in adverse weather conditions, in heavy rain. The GPS system, the acc urate mapping system can be wrong, thus the cars can be misled to drive in the wrong direction and this can lead to accidents. Therefore, there are flaws residing which can ensure that these autonomous cars are not capable to replace the personal cars. The self-driving cars of today are not efficient enough to drive itself that is why in terms of security they cannot replace the personal drivers, however, it is hoped in coming future these cars will up with some advanced features. The new technology convincing people to use the technology in terms of safety The new technology cars have the benefits that can ensure the safety of the people. The humans have not the capability to anticipate the situations located miles away, while the self-driving car has. The cars have the capability to anticipate the situations miles away, to anticipate the cars miles away. According to Raj et al. (2017), the car drivers use smartphones while driving. They call and listen to music while driving and this lead to car accidents. The drivers generally forget to tie up the seat belts, they also engage in rash driving as well. The drivers even do not follow the rules and regulations. The drivers even drive exceeding the speed limit. The cell phone usage and texting is also the area of concern for security. The self-driving cars do not exceed the speed limit at any cost; the cars even follow each and every traffic rules and regulations. These cars always drive cautiously. The cars are programmed in such a way such that they can avoid collision with each other. These autonomous cars generally drive in a cautious manner avoids collisions and accidents. The drivers use smartphones while driving and thus cause accidents. The self-driving cars have no chance at all. Also, the drivers sometimes drink and drive, then there is no chance of drink and drive in case of self-driving cars. Sometimes the drivers suffer from depression and emotional stress and this leads to all kinds of accidents. Hull (2016) explains that the self-driving cars work on specific algorithms and programs thus the self-driving cars drive on the basis of technology. Thus the self-driving cars and its associated technology can bring safety and to the people. Electric cars and their impact on petrol and oil The giant oil companies greatly underestimated the influence of the electric cars and favour the oil-based cars. However, according to the latest trends, it can be found that the auto industry will affect the petrol and oil in both short-term and the long-term basis. Ingle and Phute (2016) highlight that the growth of the electric cars is more likely to lessen the growth of the oil demand, the popularity of the EVs will certainly sabotage the usage of oil in the coming decades. A fraction of cars sold in the market today is run on batteries rather than petrol and oil. However, the analysts have predicted that this trend will change in future with the coming of EV models in the market. OPEC also showed it concern; they claimed that the rise of electric vehicles could diminish the oil and petrol demands in various parts of Asian countries. Nelson (2015) has stated that Tesla EV cars have decided to manufacture EV cars that will replace the cars run on oil and petrol. The batteries are expensive right now; research is going to lower down the price of the batteries. Thus the technology-driven cars have lots to offer. Besides, the cars are environment-friendly, the electric cars have the potential to diminish the air pollution that is why they are capable of reducing the greenhouse gas emissions. Thus it is ethical to use these cars and they should replace the oil and petrol based cars. Preparing the staff in terms of transition between outmoded industries of coal and oil to more sustainable endeavours The organisations must prepare their staff for the revolutionary change; the electric cars are going to take away the market of the vehicles currently running on petrol and oil. Therefore, the organisation managers and the CEO must be aware of the fleet management. According to Laugier (2016), the EVs demands are increasing every day. The manufacturers are more focused on manufacturing e-vehicles and the customers are showing interests too. Ross (2016) showcases that the staffs must know the underlying infrastructure of the e-vehicles, should have skills in the e-vehicle services. Tesla must educate the staffs about their self-driving cars and the electric cars so that they can provide better services to the customers. The staff must be ready to accept the changes and must learn the requirements according to the company needs. The staff will have to demonstrate the benefits and detail specifications of the e-vehicle to the clients or the customers. The sales team must advertise the e -vehicles to increase the productivity and sales of the company. In this way everyone can know about the e-vehicles, everyone can be encouraged about the technology and innovation. Thus the e-vehicles are both socially and culturally acceptable and people should adopt them for good. Is it safe not to have a human behind the wheel? No it is completely unsafe to not include the drivers behind the wheel. The self-driving cars come with advanced sensor and they consist of advanced algorithms. Though they look promising, but they have multiple glitches which must be addressed. The driverless cars are prone to accidents, the system within can malfunction at any time. The hackers or the attackers can even attack the cars and the make the cars vulnerable. Goldstein (2016) highlights that the self-driving cars are not fully equipped for all weather conditions, in heavy rainy conditions the car can malfunction, thus it is required to include human behind the wheel. Again the cars do not have the capability to know any roadblocks; it also fails to interpret any signals on the road. The cars cannot detect wavering of hands. Thus the self-driving cars do not have the capability to detect the wavering of hands of the traffic police. The driver is required to manage those difficult situations. Also the roadblocks can lead to fatal accident; the drivers can understand the possible reasons and can act accordingly. Again, the GPS sensors can malfunction; in that case the GPS sensors can give false notifications and false interpretations. According to Brown (2017), the self-driving cars solely drive on the basis of locations provided by the GPS sensors. Thus if the GPS devices give false interpretations it may happen the self-driving cars can face fatal accidents. The human intervention is absolute necessity, in case the autonomous cars fail, the humans can take control of the car. The self-driving cars exist today are not fully capable to drive all alone safely and securely. There are areas which require improvement. The research is going on. Tesla is also researching to find some better alternative. However, the driver intervention is required till the cars become fully autonomous. Solon (2016) explains that the self-driving cars require mass improvement and the flaws discussed in the report must be miti gated. The self-driving cars are beneficial and if those flaws are mitigated then the cars can be used safely and securely and also human interaction will not be required any more. In this way, the security implications can be made with respect to self-driving cars. Conclusion It can be concluded from the above discourse that the self-driving cars can create huge impact on human lives. There are multiple benefits that the self-driving cars offer. These cars drive cautiously and with care, they always follow the traffic rules and regulations and signals. They are programmed in such a way they will avoid collision with each other while they will hit the road. The humans will not have to learn driving and will not have to take extra effort, the self-driving car will make things simple for them, the people can move to any places with the help of these cars. However, there are certain drawbacks which these cars have that must be taken into consideration. These cars can be hacked by hackers, these cars fail to interpret the roadblocks or traffic polices wavering of hands. The GPS sensors if malfunction these cars can face fatal accidents. That is why one should sit behind the wheels. The report has highlighted the benefits of e-vehicles. The social, cultural, le gal and security implications with respect to self-driving cars have been highlighted in this discourse. The autonomous cars are improving and it is hoped they will come up with innovative features and will not require any kind of human intervention at all. References Brown, M., 2017. Tesla Autopilots Latest Update Has Autonomous Parallel Parking| Inverse.Inverse. Burns, C.M., 2017. Automation and the Human Factors Race to Catch Up.Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making, p.1555343417724975. Dikmen, M. and Burns, C.M., 2016, October. Autonomous Driving in the Real World: Experiences with Tesla Autopilot and Summon. InProceedings of the 8th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications(pp. 225-228). ACM. Fridman, L., Jenik, B. and Reimer, B., 2017. Arguing Machines: Perception-Control System Redundancy and Edge Case Discovery in Real-World Autonomous Driving.arXiv preprint arXiv:1710.04459. Goldstein, D., 2016. Autonomous Vehicles Will Drive Themselves-But They Won't Regulate Themselves.Hastings Bus. LJ,13, p.241. Hull, D., 2016. Driver may have been saved by Tesla Autopilot, Musk says.Transport Topics. Ingle, S. and Phute, M., 2016. Tesla Autopilot: Semi Autonomous Driving, an Uptick for Future Autonomy. Lambert, F., 2016. A fatal Tesla Autopilot accident prompts an evaluation by NHTSA. electrek, 30 June. Laugier, C., 2016, July. Towards Fully Autonomous Driving? The Perception Decision-making bottleneck (Plenary Talk). InIEEE ARSO 2016(Vol. 2016). Lin, P., 2016. Tesla Autopilot crash: Why we should worry about a single death.IEEE Spectr. Nelson, G., 2015. Tesla beams down'autopilot'mode to Model S.Automotive News. Oct,14. Raj, S., Jha, S.K., Ramanathan, A. and Pullum, L.L., 2017, October. Work-in-progress: testing autonomous cyber-physical systems using fuzzing features from convolutional neural networks. InEmbedded Software (EMSOFT), 2017 International Conference on(pp. 1-2). IEEE. Rakovi?, S.V., 2016. Model Predictive Control: Classical, Robust, and Stochastic [Bookshelf].IEEE Control Systems,36(6), pp.102-105. Rogerson, S., 2017. Is professional practice at risk following the Volkswagen and Tesla motors revelations?.ORBIT Journal,1(1). Ross, P.E., 2016. Tesla Reveals Its Crowdsourced Autopilot Data.IEEE-Spectrum,26. Solon, O., 2016. Should Tesla bebeta testingautopilot if there is a chance someone might die?.The Guardian,6.

My Three Fav. Hobbies free essay sample

Most of my day consists of studies, doing house choirs and going to school. With all that, all my time Is usually taken up. It Is very hard to find time for myself. It can get very stressful with homework, traffic, and getting work completed on time. When I do get the chance to have some extra time, I have many other activities I enjoy doing. A few of my hobbies include, sleeping, going to the movies, and listening to music. First, I enjoy sleeping every chance I can get. When I am at school I try to make time during my breaks to get a few minutes of sleep.It helps me be alert and stay awake throughout the day. Also, any spare time that I might have I try to get some sleep, for example between classes, or between my travel and school. It rarely happens, but I take advantage of it when it does come along. We will write a custom essay sample on My Three Fav. Hobbies or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page My favorite time to sleep would be at night; everyones favorite time to sleep is at night I would guess. Getting a good night sleep is important to me. If I do not get a good night sleep, I can pretty much count myself as dead the next day. Second, going to the movies gives me something to do.When I am bored, It always mess Like a good Idea to just head out and go watch a movie. I do rarely have time In my schedule to get bored, but it does happen once In a blue moon. I enjoy going to the movies and it puts me in a better mood. To laugh, get scared, or even cry over something that does not have anything to do with my own personal life is a good feeling. For example, the movie Mirrors was an awesome movie about spirits being trapped in mirrors. I was scared during the movie, but I knew once it was over, that was not something I had to be scared of in real life.My friends sometimes like to get getter and make it a group thing to go out and all see a movie. Usually when this happens, we do not know what we are going to watch until we get there. Meaning this could come to waiting for hours for the movie to start and take the chance of watching a dual movie. Having your friends there always make it all worthwhile. Lastly, listening to music releases most of stress I get from my busy day. When I am at home doing my homework, I put music on to help me think. It clears my mind, and I have realized I work faster while listening to it.I have an MPH player with all of y favorite songs downloaded to it. Listening to it makes my day seem to zoom by. Also, I enjoy listening to the talk shows in the morning where the radio hosts do funny pranks on people who call in. It makes me laugh and awakens me in the morning. My absolute favorite time to listen to music would be when traffic. When I am sitting there not moving, all I have to do is turn up the radio and tune out of all the traffic. In my mind, it makes it seem as if traffic was going quicker. Unfortunately I lost it, by now Im planning to buy one, because I think I cant live without itSleeping, going to the movies, and listening to music are the three main hobbles I enjoy the most In my spare time. I hope there will be time to do all the things that make me the happiest In life. Then, I will be able to sleep all I need to. I will be able to go to the movies, not Just out of boredom. I will listen to music more than Just at home or while stuck in traffic. My Three FAA. Hobbies By Jeep all that, all my time is usually taken up. It is very hard to find time for myself. It can Second, going to the movies gives me something to do.When I am bored, it always seems like a good idea to Just head out and go watch a movie. I do rarely have time in my schedule to get bored, but it does happen once in a blue moon. I enjoy going to lost it, by now Im planning to buy one, because I think I cant live without it Sleeping, going to the movies, and listening to music are the three main hobbies I enjoy the most in my spare time. I hope there will be time to do all the things that make me the happiest in life. Then, I will be able to sleep all I need to.

For an international tourist destination of your choice, critically discuss the marketing strategies that could be adopted to mitigate the impacts of a natural or man-made disaster. The WritePass Journal

For an international tourist destination of your choice, critically discuss the marketing strategies that could be adopted to mitigate the impacts of a natural or man-made disaster. Introduction For an international tourist destination of your choice, critically discuss the marketing strategies that could be adopted to mitigate the impacts of a natural or man-made disaster. IntroductionConclusionRelated Introduction The tourism business around the world which is one of the most susceptible and vulnerable sectors, must always manage and survive from the global crises. In recent decades, the tourism industry in many countries all over the world has experienced major crises from natural disasters such as hurricanes, storm, and tsunami to terrorist attacks, political instability, and economic recession. Generally, disasters are large non-controllable problems that evaluate the capability of nations and communities to effectively protect the population and its ability to recover after the disasters. No tourist destination is immune to such crisis. Hence, the global tourism industry requires strategies and set of directions which help tourism businesses prepare a way to manage a crisis event from its onset and rapidly implement a recovery strategy. The purpose of this essay is to examine the post-disaster destination marketing viewpoint, its effects on the city of New Orleans, and the attempt to repos ition as a premier destination for domestic and international of New Orleans after the devastating effects of Hurricane Katrina, the most destructive natural disaster in American history in August 2005. Besides, this essay will critically examine the effectiveness of recovery marketing strategies undertaken by the city’s tourism marketing organizations and the lessons learned for post disaster market repositioning are also discussed. The first section will define the tourist destination, destination crisis, tourism disaster, and a narrative of vital tourism statistics for the city of New Orleans before the hurricane. The second section will mention the effects of the hurricane on the New Orleans tourism.   Finally, the third phase will critically examine the effectiveness of recovery marketing strategies undertaken by the city’s tourism marketing organizations. According to Beirman (2003), a destination is defined as a country, state, region, city or town which is marketed or markets itself as a place for tourist to visit. Many countries’ main income is collected from tourism activities; they have invested heavily in tourism and required a high level of economic dependence on inbound tourism. The economic disruption to the country, state or region is considered as a result in the viability of a destination and it could be a result in loss of income, unemployment and poverty. However, these implications do not determine the choice of destination in tourists and their prime concern is to travel to destinations that satisfy their own desires with minimum threats to their safety and well-being. Therefore, the marketing of destination crisis is no longer being treated as a problem of a specific destination; it is now an issue of global tourism industry and become a critical political, economic and social priority for many nations which to urism is a significant industry. Faulkner and Russell (2000, cited in Beirman 2003) defined a disaster as ‘a tourism destination is confronted with sudden, unpredictable, catastrophic changes over which it has little control’. In order to modify the definition of Faulkner and Russell, Beirman defines a destination crisis as ‘a situation requiring radical management action in response to events beyond the internal control of the organisation, necessitating urgent adaptation of marketing and operational practices to restore the confidence of employees, associated enterprises and consumers in the viability of the destination’. For many years, New Orleans was an ideal vacation destination and it is the world famous tourist destination due to its rich cultural heritage, copiousness of unique food and many opportunities to enjoy local art, music and festivals. Throughout the past 30 years, New Orleans focuses on its efforts to attract tourists by constantly redefine its image through all taglines such as ‘The Crescent City’, ‘The Gateway to the Mississippi Valley’, ‘America’s Most Interesting City’, ‘The City that Care Forgot’, and the ‘The Big Easy’ (Clement 2008). Moreover, it often cited as â€Å"European† charm and the unique French Quarter historic district, thus, there is a large number of tourists visit the city for many years to take part in the distinct experience that New Orleans has offered as a vacation venue. In January 2005, just seven months before Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans was ranked sixth among the top United States vacation destinations which were conducted by the University of New Orleans (UNO) Hospitality Research Centre (Chacko and Marcell 2008).   Statistically, in 2004, tourism of New Orleans was one of the main economic engines of the city and the employment in hospitality and leisure accounted around 80,827 jobs generating $30 million in state income taxes. Besides, the number of visitors came to city reach to peak 10.1 million and spent $4.9 billion in 2004. Before the Hurricane Katrina occurred, the tourism industry accounted for 3.8% of Gross State Product, provided 175,000 direct jobs, and generated under 8% of total tax revenues of the states (Louisiana Research Team 2004). New Orleans is a unique circumstance of Hurricane Katrina. Faulkner (2001) addressed the difference between the definition of crises and disaster that crisis was defined as ‘induced by the actions or inactions of the organization’ while a disaster was considered to be an ‘induced natural phenomena or external human action’. The terrorist attack September 11, 2001 in the U.S and Chernobyl nuclear accident would be classified as crises while the Turkey earthquake and the plane crash in Lockerbie were disasters. According to Faulkner’s definition, Hurricane Katrina would have been classified as a disaster with over 1,300 died; 228,000 housing units were flooded in the New Orleans metropolitan area and over 70% of 188,000 housing units were damaged by the storm and subsequent flood (Olshansky et al. 2008). However, the poorly man-made concrete levee walls which were designed by the U.S. Corps of Engineers, a federal agency aimed to protect the city breach ed, did the flood waters deluge 80% of the city and created a crisis of gigantic proportions. In addition, federal, state, and local government authorities lacked of capacity in preparing and re-acting in a timely manner to the city citizen’s needs. Therefore, the Hurricane Katrina can be described as an induced natural phenomenon or a disaster followed by the inactions of organizations or a crisis. Two major organisations responsible for the overall tourism and hospitality marketing of the New Orleans are the New Orleans Metropolitan Convention and Visitors Bureau (NOMCVB) and the New Orleans Tourism Marketing Corporation (NOTMC). The primary mission of NOMCVB is bring meetings, conventions, and tour groups to the city, supply many hotels, restaurants, attractions and provide tourism goods and services for customers. This organisation uses personal selling as the primary sales strategy and solicits business from several tourism intermediaries such as meeting planners and tour operators. The second organisation’s goal is to spur the city visitation and uses two million dollar in its budget for advertising and positioning the leisure market of New Orleans. Besides, tourism marketers capitalise New Orleans’s strength as an exotic, unique, and ‘foreign’ locale (Stanonis 2006). In addition, just two months before Katrina, marketers produced a television co mmercial which is part of the summer campaign 2005, featuring New Orleans’s well-known and talented local musicians with titled ‘Do They Play Jazz in Heaven?’   According to Kotler et al. (2005), the appeal of the message was more emotional than rational and included the lines ‘do they play jazz in heaven, in New Orleans we know they do’ (Chacko and Marcell 2008). These messages reinforced the well-established position of the city as an exciting and popular destination with great food and music. However, the arrival of Katrina made a major shift in positioning strategy in producing hundreds of hours of negative publicity in the mass media. Unfortunately, New Orleans’s city was truly in a state of disaster after Hurricane Katrina.   The storm and flooding are not only washed away physical infrastructure of the city, but also eroded the perception of the city’s tourism destination. According to Northington (cited in Chacko and Marcell 2008), the city loss $15.3 million and this was potentially devastating to New Orleans’s tourism industry, especially the loss of economic impact from many festivals and events that it hosts.   However, the biggest obstacle that New Orleans’ tourism industry has to face is the tarnished perception as a tourist destination of the city.   Faulkner (2001) claimed that the power of media and tendency in lingering negative images, the destination usually takes longer to recover than the period requires services restore to normal. The tourism industry of New Orleans has met a lot of challenges after Hurricane Katrina. Prior the disaster, the research focused on measuring the industry and profiling the visitors to New Orleans, but now the focus has sharply shifted to measuring the perceptions of visitors about New Orleans. Mayor C. Ray Nagin said in an interview with the New Orleans Times-Picayune that ‘We have an image challenge throughout the country. You ask what New Orleans is like today, and any people only have images of a city in crisis.   And that’s a concern, that they don’t see the rebuilding that is going on’ (Thevenot 2005). Moreover, due to the national and international media continued to display images of a ravaged city every detail, the tourism industry was getting worse and worse. According to journalist Eric Morgan (2008), ‘because of the media, people believe we have infrastructure issues, hotels aren’t open, restaurants aren’t operational, and there are no supporting service industry workers’. In March 2006, the New Orleans Tourism Marketing Corporation conducted a perceptions study of a panel of 5,000 online travellers, 22% indicated they believed that some neighbourhoods of New Orleans still had standing flood water from Hurricane Katrina, 14% of them believed New Orleans is not a safe place to visit because of contaminated air or drinking water, and 12% indicated that the historic districts in New Orleans are still destroyed or devastated. However, the optimism seems to have increased over time with 77% of meeting planners over the three quarter between October 2005 and January 2006 indicated that they were â€Å"very optimistic† about the sufficient recovery of New Orleans in regaining its status as a major destination city. Although meeting planners fully expect city’s recovery, they believe it will be a slow process (Chacko and Marcell 2008). In reality, New Orleans is different from the potential leisure travellers’ perception. The city’s tap water was safe to drink according to city health officials and there is no standing water on the streets. Transportation and airline are suitable to handle travellers and 80% of hotel room inventory has rebounded as pre-Katrina levels. Nevertheless, many flooded neighbourhoods’ recovery is still slow and the city is continued framing news coverage in these environments and undermining positive messages by the media. Therefore, the challenge is to find the appropriate marketing strategies to mitigate the impacts of disaster for New Orleans. As the result of the Katrina disaster, the NOMCVB, NOTMC, and other tourism organizations have elaborated on their past branding campaigns and created new campaigns to change perceptions of potential travellers and using brand elements such as new slogans and logos to alter the images of New Orleans. The slogans and themes try to counteract negative images which were played out in the national media and reconstruct and increase brand identity of New Orleans. According to Braun-LaTour, LaTour, and Loftus (2006), ‘reminding consumers of their past connection with a brand may be a particularly effective way to repair the brand’s image after a crisis situation’. Slogans were launched through branding campaigns of organisations such as ‘fall in love with Louisiana all over again’, ‘New Orleans: Happenin’ everyday’, ‘do you know what it means to Miss New Orleans? We know you do’ and etc. to rebrand New Orleans as a multicult ural destination and created a sentimental image of New Orleans, divert attention of travellers from the human suffering’s reality, physical destruction and stimulate consumer desires to travel to the city by constructing a narrative of past grandeur. According to Greenberg (2000), the urban branding campaigns function not only as ‘texts-on-cities’ but also power-laden ‘texts-as-cities’ that position of organisations and tourism professionals as important voices in the articulation of the collective identity of the city and thus ultimately the urban brand. In January 2007, with support from Lieutenant Governor Mitch Landrieu, the NOMCVB launched ‘an aggressive, strategic, marketing, public relations and direct sales campaign   designed to celebrate its authentic culture, lure domestic and international visitors back, preserve the city’s leading industry (hospitality) and overcome misperceptions about New Orleans among   consumers’ (NOMCVB Press Release 2007). The ‘Forever New Orleans’ campaign is an international branding campaign   which was designed to re-brand the city internationally by showcasing the confidence of hospitality industry in New Orleans and developing a deeper understanding of the city culture as unique and authentic.   It uses headlines in outdoor advertisements and print campaigns such as ‘New Orleans is Open. To Just About Anything’, ‘Soul is Waterproof’, ‘Old World, New Promise’ and other phrases to celebrate a spirit of swagger, appea l the meetings industry, travel trade professionals and the traveling public. According to Morgan (2008), the largest out-of-home advertising company in the United States CBS Outdoor donated 44 billboards worth a valued of $3 million to New Orleans.   Besides, the 30 minutes television show ‘A Whole New Orleans’ attempts to attract visitors with displays of the city’s most authentic, historic destination and unique culture. The NOMCVB and other tourism professionals try to increase the development of New Orleans’s tourism post Katrina and mention the perspective of ‘internalising the brand’ as a major ingredient in branding New Orleans as an entertainment destination (Gotham 2007). New urban rebranding campaigns are being implemented in order to present ‘authentic’ image of New Orleans as clearly demarcated, disconnected, and segregated from flooded neighbourhoods by tourism professionals. Besides, a new industry of ‘disaster tourism’, for example ‘Hurricane Katrina: America’s Worst Catastrophe!’ tour through devastated neighbourhoods of Gray Line New Orleans Bus Tours focused on ordinary places that have historical and cultural significance thereby mobilizing travellers to visit them. Moreover, in order to attract corporate brands to invest in New Orleans, political and economic elites have pushed for the development of lucrative tax sub sidies and help finance the rebuilding effort. Therefore, the above points demonstrate that tourism organisations are trying to marketing the imaginary of New Orleans base on entertainment version to attract investment and rebuild the city. The branding strategy is a new method to promote urban place to align local political interests with transnational corporate entertainment to organise urban rebuilding. Rebranding New Orleans post-Katrina is not just attracting consumers and visitors to spend money in the city, but also ‘about socializing residents to view the city as a brand and imagining an urban future that conforms to a semiotic script’ (Gotham 2007). Due to tourism professionals mention the perspective of ‘internalising the brand’ as a major ingredient in branding New Orleans as an entertainment destination, there are some conflicts intrinsic in the understanding of urban brands. Firstly, there is the lack of clear and understandable object capable of being branded. Cities and places are multifaceted and complicated systems of organization and they contain a range of different groups, diverse identities and conflicted social relations.   Branding destinations is more complex and challenging than other goods and services because of the existence and interdependence of multiple stakeholders, multiple components and multiple suppliers involved in the tourism service delivery (Buhalis 2000) and especially when it involves national characteristics and loyalties and popular permission of whole population. The second is the lack of control between urban branding organisations and branding campaigns when they deal with unc ertain and unstable environment of many stakeholders who have diverse interests, contending perceptions and urban visions (Park and Petrick 2005). The branding work of New Orleans’s tourism professionals are informed by market research and tourist trends, however, they do not know whether the campaigns are successful or not. Besides, the branding process is full of instability and uncertainty. Moreover, the urban branding’s unpredictability derives from gained knowledge about visitors through surveys is partial and incomplete because consumer’s desires and preferences always change. Thirdly, there is exist the risk that visitors and residents may reject the images of brand and view them as irrelevant, inauthentic or affronts to local culture. Additionally, there is the lack of consensus about the positive or negative effects of tourism in the city and a clear differentiation between residents who favour tourism and those who against it. In the construction of ur ban reality and produce meanings, residents are actively involved in and sometimes they are challenge the dominant imaginary of urban and brand. Due to the views of residents about New Orleans are not singular or fixed, thus, ‘internalising the brand’ is no means ensured or guaranteed. There is unclear and questionable about the partial internalisation whether it is realised as a vehicle for enhancing brand value or not when some residents may incorporate some affective links with the New Orleans brand into their lives. Conclusion In summary, hurricane Katrina has weakened the New Orleans’s tourism industry, displaced thousands of people, problematized meanings of community identity, and can cause wholesale changes to all aspects of tourism destination management. Numerous prescriptive strategies have provided examples, templates and checklists for tourism agencies to formulate marketing strategies which are the very important in the recovery process. Restoring the urban brand strategy of New Orleans is a differentiation and diversification process whereby local tourism organizations harness and construct destination images in order to control consumer impressions and understandings of a particular locale. Although urban brand has network of power operate and clear profiteering motives, it is also important to recognise branding as a contradictory process with unpredictable outcome, unforeseen consequences and facing a long road to recover destination image. However, tourism marketers of the city are us ing repositioning strategy or (re)brand strategy to make New Orleans regain its status as an outstanding tourism destination.

Comparison of two works in Museum of Modern Art Term Paper

Comparison of two works in Museum of Modern Art - Term Paper Example The paper "Comparison of two works in Museum of Modern Art" compares Fernand Leger’s "Woman With a Book" with Meret Oppenheim’s "Red Head, Blue Body". Painters use the techniques they employ in their paintings and the features of the society they portray in the same. The discussion below therefore analyses features of two paintings developed in different times with the painters employing particular techniques in ensuring the efficacy of the artifacts. Woman With a Book painted by Fernand Leger in 1923 and Red Head, Blue Body painted by Meret Oppenheim in 1936 have fundamental differences and similarities that help portray the social, cultural and technological development in the art within the decade that separates them as the discussion below portrays. Just as the name suggests, Woman With a Book, is an artistic oil on canvas painting of a woman holding a book. The painting depicts the painter’s artistic intuition and urge to create a new style in painting there by debuting the mechanical age. In the painting, Fernand Leger portrays his artistic skills as he employs particular elements in developing the painting. He employs such elements as appropriate shapes and colors thereby developing effective foreground, middle ground and background in his artifacts. These enhance his communication as he envisioned the final artifact. The choice to use oil on canvas is appropriate, as it has contributed to the longevity of the painting in the museum. Oil on canvas was a major discovery in the early years of art.

Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 17

Annotated Bibliography Example Though the power coefficient of some of these turbines may be relatively low, they also work under low-quality winds. The writer claims that air flow approaching a wind turbine slows down by creating a low- pressure region behind the turbine. This pressure difference between the two sides of the propeller blades reduces the efficiency of doing work and increases the cost of wind power generation. Following to such loss a wing structure placed at a distance around the turbine is used to increase the power of the wind turbine by a factor of 2.0. The propeller is tightly fitted onto the inner shroud without leaving space between the tips of the propeller blades and the shroud. This method of improving wind turbine efficiency reduces the cost of generating wind power. These authors believe that the use of mantle’s nozzle which can be regulated can generate more quantities of electric power in wind turbine. The nozzle that is aerodynamically shaped ring induces a centrifugal force in the wind stream thus replacing free air stream with a concentrated stream of air. As a result, higher mass of air flows and velocity of this air behind the rotor reduced giving a higher energy output from the wind turbine in the nozzle. This increases the profit and reduces the cost of generating wind power. Though speed variation will increase, the concentration factor fc=2.5, it becomes inconvenient to work with wind at speeds exceeding the rated one. It is for this reason that control blades are installed on the frame side to let the excess air bypass the turbine rotor. This is however an additional cost and weight whose effects are adverse as well. These experts argue that steering aero foils are used to increase the rotational speed of wind blades. They are fixed surrounding the wind blades at an optimum distance whereby the angle of inclination can be valid. By adjusting the length and the angle of tilt, the rate can be

Factor Analysis And Confirmatory Factor Analysis Essay Example for Free

Factor Analysis And Confirmatory Factor Analysis Essay Factor analysis is an arithmetical technique used to describe variability regarding observed variables with regard to lower number of unobserved variables. Factor analysis looks for such joint variations in response to unobserved hidden variables. The observed variables are molded as linear combinations of potential factors including the error terms. Information attained regarding interdependence between observed factors can later be utilized to reduce the set of variables within a dataset. Factor analysis originated in psychometrics and is applied in behavioral sciences operations research and applied sciences which deal with large quantities of data. In psychology, factor analysis is in most cases associated with intelligence search. Factor analysis has been used to search for factors within a broad range of spheres such as character, beliefs and attitudes. Factor analysis isolates the underlying variables that make clear the data. There are two types of factor analysis; principal factor analysis and common factor analysis. The factors generated by principal factor analysis are theoretical as being as liner combinations of variables whereas those generated by common factor analysis are theoretical latent variables. Computationally, the main difference is that the diagonal relationship matrix is substituted with common variables in common factor analysis. Factor analysis is performed through examining the pattern of connection between the observed variables. Variables which are highly related have a likelihood of being influenced by factors such as those which are moderately unrelated and have a more likelihood of being influenced by different factors. Principal component analysis is the most widespread factor analysis. Principal factor analysis seeks for a linear combination of measures in such a way that the maximum difference is extracted form the measures. It then removes the difference and search for a second liner a combination that explains the maximum proportion of the remaining variance. Conducting a Confirmatory Factor Analysis The main purpose of a Confirmatory Factor Analysis is to establish the ability of a prearranged variable model to fit within an observed set of data. Among the normal uses of Confirmatory Factor Analysis include; establishing the weight of a single factor representation compares the ability of two differing models to account for the same set of data, test the significance of particular factor loading, test the connection between two or more factor loadings and also to evaluate the convergent and discriminate strength of a set of measures. Conducting a Confirmatory Factor Analysis The six stages involved include; Describing the factor model which is the first thing required to be done accurately to define the model one wants to test. This involves choosing the number of factors and defining the nature of loadings between measures and factors. The loading can be fixed at zero or any other constant number or allowed to vary within specified constraints. Collect the measurements through measurement of variables on same experimental units. Obtain a correlation matrix by getting the correlation between each of the variables. Fit the model into data by selecting a method to obtain the estimates of factor loadings which were free to vary. The normal model-fitting method is the Maximum likelihood estimation that needs to be used unless the measures serious lack multivariate normality. In such a case one can use Asymptotically distribution free estimation. Evaluation of model adequacy s done when the factor model is fit the data, the factor loading are selected to minimize the difference between the correlation matrix implied by the model and the actual observed matrix. The amount of difference after the best parameters have been selected can be used as a measure as to how reliable the reproduction is with the data. The commonly used assessment of model adequacy is the X2 goodness of fit test. Null hypothesis for this test holds that the model sufficiency for the data, while the other is that there a significant level f differences. Regrettably, this test is highly sensitive to sample size since, tests used in testing large samples generally lead to a rejection of null hypothesis, even when factor model is suitable. Other statistics like the Tucker-Lewis index, compare the fitness of planned model to a null representation.   These statistics show less sensitivity to sample size. By comparing these two models with other model one can is able observe the difference between their X 2 statistics which is almost equal to X2 distribution. About al individual factor loading tests can be compared to reduced and full factor models.   In situations where there is no comparison of full and reduced models, use of Root mean square error of approximation is recommended which is n estimation of discrepancy per degree of freedom within the model. References DeCoster, J. (1998). Overview of Factor Analysis. Retrieved on August, 16, 2010 from http://www.stat-help.co/notes.html

interview :: essays research papers

The family member that was interviewed was Erin. The relationship between the interviewer and the interviewee is third cousins through marriage. The interview took place in Erin’s apartment living room. Since she is an RA she lives in one of the apartments of Sara Tracy Dorm. When the interviewer walked into the room he could tell that she was very clean and rather sophisticated, just by the way her room was set up. The interviewee was sitting on her futon and was very alert. There were pink and yellow carnations on the table, which I found out that they are not real. Erin 20 years old and has an ethnic origin of Irish. Erin is a Caucasian and when asked what religion she was, Erin responded proudly â€Å"Catholic†. The next question to be asked was â€Å"what are you wearing?† and me not paying attention to the question read it allowed, when I could have just observed her to answer the question. But, she caught my slip up and she responded â€Å"nothing† and laughed sarcastically. In reality, she had on a older and faded WJU swimming t-shirt on with a pair of worn out jeans. She seamed happy and content, but when I asked â€Å"what is your mood today?† she said, â€Å"Alright, calm I guess†¦not too happy and not too sad.† Then I asked her about her attitude and she responded with â€Å"happy to be interviewed†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Erin’s mom’s family is from New York, and her dad’s family is from West Virginia. She was born in San Diego, California, on August 10, 1984. Her family then moved to Connecticut when Erin was â€Å"just a wee lad† as she put it, so she does not remember a whole lot from that particular time period. Then after living in Connecticut for a couple of years her family moved to West Virginia where they are presently located now.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Erin has many of friends who are outgoing and not afraid to speak their mind. All of them are nice and funny. They know how to make a good time out of the worst days. Erin, however, is pretty much the brain of the operations that they carry out. During the interview Erin was sitting on her futon drinking a cup of coffee acting all sophisticated. She was really relaxed and was not fidgeting like I was, so she did not seem like she was nervous.

Physio Cardio Lab Report Answers Essay

1. Explain how the body establishes a pressure gradient for fluid flow. Pressure gradient is the flow rate of a liquid through a pipe. This is directly proportional to the difference between the pressures at the two ends of the pipe and inversely proportional to the pip’s resistance. The pressure gradient is directly dependent upon blood vessel radius which essentially controls blood flow. The bigger the blood vessel radius, the more blood flow or fluid flow. The smaller blood vessel radius, the lesson blood or fluid flow. 2. Explain the effect that the flow tube radius change had on flow rate. How well did the results compare with your prediction? Flow tube radius change has a direct effect on flow rate. As evidenced in this lab, when flow tube radius was increased, the flow rate was also increased. They are directly proportional. As evidenced from the text, when flow tube radius increases in a blood vessel, the flow rate is much more free flowing and flows a lot quicker as the radius is increased. When starting with 1.5mm of radius, the flow was very slow, yet when increased to 2mm, 3mm, and eventually to 5mm, the flow within the blood vessel incrementally increased. 3. Describe the effect that radius changes have on the laminar flow of a fluid. Laminar Flow is defined as the free-flowing blood in the middle of the vessel. Radius change is directly proportional on laminar flow. In a constricted vessel, proportionately more blood is in contact with the vessel wall and there is less laminar flow, significantly diminishing the rate of blood flow in the vessel, yet if the vessel is more dilated, or the radius is increased, more blood flow is able to get in, thus increasing the blood  flow. The bigger the radius, the more laminar flow of fluid. 4. Why do you think the plot was not linear? (Hint: look at the relationship of the variables in the equation). How well did the results compare with your prediction? If the variables are radius on the X-axis and flow rate on the Y-axis, the experiment called for the experimenter to incrementally increase the radius and plot the results. As we know, radius is directly proportional to flow rate in that as the radius increases so does the flow rate, therefore, the plotted graph has to be linear. If one increases, so does the other going in a straight line! Activity 2 Questions: 1. Describe the components in the blood that affect viscosity? The components in the blood that affect viscosity are the presences of plasma proteins and formed elements such as white blood cells (leukocytes), red blood cells (erythrocytes), and platelets. When these formed elements and plasma proteins in the blood slide past one another, there is an increase in the resistance to flow. 2. Explain the effect that the viscosity change had on flow rate. How well did the results compare with your prediction? Viscosity is defined as the thickness or stickiness of a fluid. In regards to flow rate, they are inversely comparable and thus as you increase viscosity or the â€Å"thickness† of the blood, the flow rate decreases. As seen in the graph, increasing the viscosity inversely decreases the flow rate each time you increased it by 1. 3. Describe the graph of flow versus viscosity. As evidenced in the graph, the constants in this experiment were radius,  length, and pressure. The variables were flow rate and viscosity. The y axis represented flow rate and the x axis represented viscosity. As viscosity increased, the flow rate decreased causing a linear or inverse curve relationship going down. 4. Discuss the effect that polycythemia would have on viscosity and on blood flow. Polycythemia is a condition in which excess red blood cells are present. We learned earlier that an increase in red blood cells results in an increase in blood viscosity. An increase in blood viscosity directly affects blood flow, in that blood flow would decrease. Thus, the presence of polycythemia would inversely affect blood flow rate by decreasing it. Activity 3 Questions: 1. Which is more likely to occur, a change in blood vessel radius or a change in blood vessel length? A change in blood vessel radius is more like to occur because blood vessel length only increases as we grow into maturity and in adulthood blood vessel lengths stay constant. The only possibility of blood vessel length changing is when we gain or lose weight. Through the process of vasodilation, or the smoothing of the blood vessel muscle, you can change the radius of the vessel more frequently. 2. Explain the effect that the change in blood vessel length had on flow rate. How well did the results compare with your prediction? Blood vessel length, when increased causes more friction or resistance thus making it more difficult for blood to flow through the vessel. In summation, increasing blood vessel length inversely effects flow rate but decreasing flow rate. My prediction was that an increase in blood vessel length would inversely effect blood flow. As evidenced in this experiment, with the increase of the blood vessel length, there was a decrease in blood flow. 3. Explain why you think blood vessel radius can have a larger effect on the body that changes in blood vessel length. In the blood flow equation (as seen to the right), blood flow is directly proportional to the fourth power of vessel radius. Dramatic changes happen in regards to blood flow because of small changes in blood vessel radius. The smaller the blood vessel radius, the greater the resistance. Blood vessel radius is the single most important factor in determining blood flow resistance. 4. Describe the effect that obesity would have on blood flow and why. As referenced from this experiment, weight, either gain or loss effects blood vessel length. A change in blood vessel length can only be altered through the gain or loss of weight. As evidenced in this experiment, when blood vessel length is increased as a result of weight gain, there is greater resistance or friction within the vessel making blood flow through that vessel more difficult thus decreasing blood flow. Obesity different effect blood flow in that, there are increased blood vessel lengths, causing greater friction or resistance within the vessel and a decrease in blood flow. Activity 4 Questions: 1. Explain the effect that pressure changes had on flow rate. How well did the results compare with your prediction. Pressure changes have a profound effect on flow rate. As pressure increases, flow rate also increases. They are directly proportional. In regards to my prediction, I predicted that as pressure increased, so would flow rate. 2. How does the plot differ from the plots for tube radius, viscosity, and tube length? How well did the results compare with your prediction. The plot for pressure in linear in that, an increase in pressure is directly proportional to flow rate. It was a perfectly straight line upwards as pressure increased. In regards to the plot for tube radius, it was very similar in that results were more curve shaped but went in the same directly upward. As vessel radius increased so did flow rate. In regards to viscosity, they were drastically different, as viscosity increased, the rate of flow decreased because there was more resistance. In regards to tube length, this is drastically different than pressure because with an increase in tube length, there is a decrease in rate of flow because there is more resistance within the vessel itself. After learning that vessel radius is the greatest factor in regards to flow rate, I predicted that with an increase in pressure there would also be an increase in flow rate. 3. Explain why pressure changes are not the best way to control blood flow. Pressure changes are not the best way to control blood flow because it could place more stress on the heart (which causes the initial pressure) and requires the heart to change its force of contraction. The blood vessels need time to respond to that change in force as well as the large arteries around the heart. It required for them to have more tissue in their tunics to accommodate the heart and it’s increase of force. Plus, the best way to control blood flow, as seen from these experiments is through increasing vessel radius. 4. Use you data to calculate the increase in flow rate in ml/min/mm Hg. In this experiment, radius, viscosity, and length remained constant, and pressure and flow rate were the variables. I started off with a pressure of 25 mm Hg and the flow rate was 35mm/min. As I increase the pressure by 25 mm Hg each time, the flow rate increased by about 35 mm/min each time. Activity 5 Questions: 1. Explain the effect of increasing the right flow tube radius on the flow rate, resistance, and pump rate. Increasing the right flow tube radius is directly proportional to increasing flow rate. As evidenced in other experiments, increasing tube radius decreases resistance thus increasing flow rate. In addition, as the right flow tube radius increased, so did the pump rate. Each time that I increased the right flow tube radius by .5mm, the pump rate increased as did the flow rate because of the decrease in resistance. 2. Describe what the left and right beakers in the experiment correspond to in the human heart. The left beaker represents the side of the heart where blood is pumped through the lungs to the opposite side of the heart. The right beaker represents the side of the heart that delivers blood to the system of the body. 3. Briefly describe how the human heart could compensate for flow rate changes to maintain blood pressure. The human heart compensates for flow rate changes by altering heart rate, stroke volume or resistance. If resistance decreases, heart rate can increase to maintain the pressure difference. If resistance is decreasing, there is an increase in flow rate. Activity 6 Questions: 1. Describe the Frank-Starling law in the heart. The Frank-Starling law in the heart refers to when more than the normal volume of blood is returned to the heart by the venous system. In this process, the heart is stretched which results in a more forceful contraction of the ventricles. This causes more than normal amounts of blood to be ejected by the heart which raises stroke volume. 2. Explain what happened to the pump rate when you increased the stroke volume. Why do you think this occurred? How well did the results compare with your prediction? When you increase the stroke volume, there is an inverse decrease in pump rate, even though there is a constant amount of flow that results. This is directly the opposite of my predictions, yet I learned that the reason why pump rate decreases when stroke volume increases is because the heart intrinsically alters stroke volume to accommodate changes in preload or during the period where the ventricles are stretched by the end diastolic volume. Stroke volume is also controlled by the strength and force of contractility of the heart. 3. Describe how the heart alters stroke volume? The heart alters stroke volume by altering the pump volume or the contractility. By altering the contractility, you are altering the strength of the cardiac muscle contraction and its ability to generate force. 4. Describe the intrinsic factors that control stroke volume. The intrinsic factors that control stroke volume are heart rate and cardiac output. Total blood flow is proportional to cardiac output. Thus, when the stroke volume decreases, the heart rate music increase to maintain cardiac output. Yet, when stroke volume increases, the heart rate must decrease to maintain cardiac output. Activity 7 Questions: 1. Explain how the heart could compensate for changes in peripheral resistance. The heart can compensate for changes in peripheral resistance by decreasing blood viscosity and through adjusting the force of contraction of the heart. Increasing contractility or forcing contraction of the heart combats afterload and blood flow resistance. Increasing contractility will increase cardiac output by increasing stroke volume. 2. Which mechanism had the greatest compensatory effect? How well did the results compare with your prediction? My prediction was that increasing the left flow tube radius would have the greatest impact in regards to blood flow into the right tube, but adjusting the force of contraction of the heart had the greatest compensatory effect on the flow of blood into the right beaker. 3. Explain what happened when the pump pressure and the beaker pressure were the same. How well did the results compare with your prediction? When the pump pressure and the beaker pressure were the same, the valve would not open because there was insufficient driving pressure to force fluid out of the pump. This was adverse to my prediction, where I predicted that there would be an increase of flow, but I was incorrect, in that nothing happened and there was no flow. 4. Explain whether it would be better to adjust heart rate or blood vessel diameter to achieve blood flow changes at a local level. I think that it would be better to adjust heart rate in order to achieve blood flow changes at a local level. Although the text and experiments have demonstrated that it is more effective to increase blood vessel diameter in order to increase the rate of flow within blood vessels, I think that exercise increases your heart rate which is directly linked to an increase in blood flow.